A028338 → basis A008277 → x ↦ x+1

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Submission text ?

Triangle begins:
  0:          1;
  1:          3,          1;
  2:         16,          9,         1;
  3:        121,         90,        18,         1;
  4:       1179,       1057,       291,        30,        1;
  5:      14026,      14445,      4930,       715,       45,       1;
  6:     196783,     226116,     90540,     16550,     1485,      63,      1;
  7:    3177861,    3995719,   1814946,    394380,    45080,    2751,     84,    1;
  8:   58019356,   78730695,  39662833,   9882866,  1354815,  106106,   4690,  108,   1;
  9: 1181098459, 1711958922, 941298786, 262505145, 41574141, 3929499, 224112, 7506, 135, 1;

The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (2*n+1+x)*P(n-1,x) + (1+x)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.

P[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(2*n + 1 + x)*P[n - 1, x] + (1 + x)*D[P[n - 1, x], x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten

P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (2*n + 1 + x)*v[i - 1] + (1 + x)*deriv(v[i - 1], x)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Properties

• Real-rooted? Every row P_n, n ≥ 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (−∞, -1]
  by Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary)
• Coefficients of one sign? Every nonzero row, n ≥ 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
  derived from Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary)
• Hadamard kernel (Malo)? Rows P_n, n ≥ 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
  derived from Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary)
• Interlacing of consecutive rows? Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m ≥ 1
  by Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary)

Proof chains ? JSON

• Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ? step ›

  • from basis_map_A008277 of Triangle of coefficients in expansion of (x+1)*(x+3)*...*(x + 2n - 1) in rising powers of x.?
    • Ray basis map theorem [MW08, Thm 2] polytool RealRooted rayBasisMap_maps_realRootedIn_iff ? step ›

      • from Triangle of coefficients in expansion of (x+1)*(x+3)*...*(x + 2n - 1) in rising powers of x.?
        • Liu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ? step › direct check
        • Iterated real-rootedness preservers [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601; Bra06, Cor 3.5] polytool ? step › direct check
        • Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ? step ›

          • from Triangle of coefficients in expansion of (1+x)*(1+3x)*(1+5x)*(1+7x)*...*(1+(2n-1)x).?
            • Liu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ? step › direct check
            • Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ? step ›

              • from Triangle of coefficients in expansion of (x+1)*(x+3)*...*(x + 2n - 1) in rising powers of x.?
                • ↑ Liu–Wang theorem (above)
                • ↑ Iterated real-rootedness preservers (above)
                • Parent-row provers of polytool polytool ? step › direct check
            • Iterated real-rootedness preservers [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601; Bra06, Cor 3.5] polytool ? step › direct check
            • Parent-row provers of polytool polytool ? step › direct check
        • ↑ Parent-row provers of polytool (above)
    • Ray basis map theorem [MW08, Thm 2] polytool RealRooted rayBasisMap_maps_realRootedIn_iff ? step ›

      • from Triangle of coefficients in expansion of (x+1)*(x+3)*...*(x + 2n - 1) in rising powers of x.?
        • ↑ Liu–Wang theorem (above)
        • ↑ Iterated real-rootedness preservers (above)
        • ↑ Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) (above)
        • ↑ Parent-row provers of polytool (above)

References

1. [Bra06] Petter Brändén. On linear transformations preserving the Pólya frequency property. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 358(8):3697–3716, February 2006. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-06-03856-6
2. [Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
3. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
4. [MW08] Shi-Mei Ma and Yi Wang. q-Eulerian polynomials and polynomials with only real zeros. The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 15(1):Research Paper 17, January 2008. doi:10.37236/741
5. [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.