A039756 → x ↦ x/(x+1)
nonnegative coefficients
Proved for all n: all roots real, in [−1, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means
Rows ?
| n | x0 | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | x7 | x8 | x9 | x10 | x11 | x12 | x13 | x14 | Pn(1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| 2 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 13 | ||||||||||||
| 3 | 1 | 12 | 34 | 24 | 71 | |||||||||||
| 4 | 1 | 20 | 112 | 208 | 116 | 457 | ||||||||||
| 5 | 1 | 30 | 280 | 1000 | 1396 | 648 | 3355 | |||||||||
| 6 | 1 | 42 | 590 | 3480 | 9076 | 10232 | 4088 | 27509 | ||||||||
| 7 | 1 | 56 | 1106 | 9800 | 41636 | 85568 | 81320 | 28640 | 248127 | |||||||
| 8 | 1 | 72 | 1904 | 23744 | 150696 | 497056 | 844544 | 696192 | 219920 | 2434129 | ||||||
| 9 | 1 | 90 | 3072 | 51408 | 458472 | 2241456 | 6026560 | 8745792 | 6382864 | 1832224 | 25741939 | |||||
| 10 | 1 | 110 | 4710 | 102000 | 1221192 | 8360016 | 33025840 | 74889920 | 95016976 | 62346848 | 16430176 | 291397789 | ||||
| 11 | 1 | 132 | 6930 | 188760 | 2928552 | 26884704 | 148000336 | 488748480 | 958343056 | 1081788224 | 645885472 | 157554048 | 3510328695 | |||
| 12 | 1 | 156 | 9856 | 330000 | 6450972 | 76761696 | 565385920 | 2587368960 | 7325831216 | 12658520512 | 12886673152 | 7068248832 | 1606879040 | 44782460313 | ||
| 13 | 1 | 182 | 13624 | 550264 | 13248092 | 198819192 | 1896788608 | 11577435584 | 45158889776 | 111790522272 | 172761486976 | 160339410816 | 81426566976 | 17350255744 | 602513988107 | |
| 14 | 1 | 210 | 18382 | 881608 | 25653628 | 474786312 | 5713999720 | 45107160384 | 233798028464 | 792626426592 | 1742255607456 | 2436755484800 | 2080031953728 | 984414166912 | 197553645440 | 8518757813637 |
Generated b-files: A126390 (row sums) ?
Computed in your browser ?
Technical details
- Node id
n-7ea74f9ff38a51f6· revision 1 · JSON- Definition source
derived:mobius_x_over_x_plus_one- Fingerprint
f6-f9cef97b53c8c582
Observed on the stored rows ?
- Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
- Palindromic rows: no
- γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
- Nonnegative coefficients (
nonn): yes - Only rational roots (
rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no
OEIS matches ?
- A126390: row sums, 15 terms agree OEIS nonn (row-sum match: finite agreement only) · view at the OEIS · generated b-file 200 terms from n = 0 ?
A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.
OEIS submission text ?
Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula
%F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows.
For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched;
the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a
finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.
The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e ExampleTriangle begins: 0: 1; 1: 1, 2; 2: 1, 6, 6; 3: 1, 12, 34, 24; 4: 1, 20, 112, 208, 116; 5: 1, 30, 280, 1000, 1396, 648; 6: 1, 42, 590, 3480, 9076, 10232, 4088; 7: 1, 56, 1106, 9800, 41636, 85568, 81320, 28640; 8: 1, 72, 1904, 23744, 150696, 497056, 844544, 696192, 219920; 9: 1, 90, 3072, 51408, 458472, 2241456, 6026560, 8745792, 6382864, 1832224;
%F FormulaThe row polynomials satisfy (1+2*x+x^2)*P(n,x) = (1+(2*n+2)*x+(6*n-1)*x^2+(6*n-4)*x^3+(2*n-2)*x^4)*P(n-1,x) - (2*x^2+6*x^3+6*x^4+2*x^5)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t MathematicaP[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((1 + (2*n + 2)*x + (6*n - 1)*x^2 + (6*n - 4)*x^3 + (2*n - 2)*x^4)*P[n - 1, x] - (2*x^2 + 6*x^3 + 6*x^4 + 2*x^5)*D[P[n - 1, x], x])/(1 + 2*x + x^2)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten%o PARI/GPP(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = ((1 + (2*n + 2)*x + (6*n - 1)*x^2 + (6*n - 4)*x^3 + (2*n - 2)*x^4)*v[i - 1] - (2*x^2 + 6*x^3 + 6*x^4 + 2*x^5)*deriv(v[i - 1], x))/(1 + 2*x + x^2)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)Generated with polytool c48629374597.
Proved properties
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Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in [-1, 0]
Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.by the cited steps:
e-cafd3ced03b69579 -
Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem:
e-cafd3ced03b69579 -
Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem:
e-cafd3ced03b69579
Proof chains
1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON
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preserver_image mobius, shift 0
e-cafd3ced03b69579Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ?
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premise (sequence):
Triangle of B-analogs of Stirling numbers of 2nd kind.
uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
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theorem_check liu_wang
e-7519e7535554cb98root: theorem checkLiu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ?
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-
premise (sequence):
Triangle of B-analogs of Stirling numbers of 2nd kind.
Related sequences ?
Same fingerprint (1)
Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.
References
- [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003