A034870 → Veronese 2 (j=1)

palindromic γ-positive nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(2 + 2\,x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(-1 + 2\,x - x^{2}\right)\,P_{n-2}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 0\)
\(P_{1}(x) = 2\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13Pn(1)
00
122
2448
3620632
4856568128
51012025212010512
612220792792220122048
714364200234322002364148192
8165604368114401144043685601632768
9188168568318244862031824856881618131072
1020114015504775201679601679607752015504114020524288
1122154026334170544497420705432497420170544263341540222097152
12242024425043461041307504249614424961441307504346104425042024248388608
13262600657806578003124550772616010400600772616031245506578006578026002633554432
142832769828011840406906900214741803744216037442160214741806906900118404098280327628134217728

Generated b-files: A004171 (row sums) ?

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-7a03fdbbc6f038d4 · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:veronese_section_2_1
Fingerprint
f6-722f205416540a1b

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 (affine: slope 1, intercept -1)
  • Palindromic rows: yes
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): yes
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

OEIS matches ?

A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:  0;
  1:  2;
  2:  4,   4;
  3:  6,  20,    6;
  4:  8,  56,   56,     8;
  5: 10, 120,  252,   120,    10;
  6: 12, 220,  792,   792,   220,    12;
  7: 14, 364, 2002,  3432,  2002,   364,   14;
  8: 16, 560, 4368, 11440, 11440,  4368,  560,  16;
  9: 18, 816, 8568, 31824, 48620, 31824, 8568, 816, 18;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (2+2*x)*P(n-1,x) - (1-2*x+x^2)*P(n-2,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 0, P(1,x) = 2.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 0;
P[1, x_] := 2;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(2 + 2*x)*P[n - 1, x] - (1 - 2*x + x^2)*P[n - 2, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 0; v[2] = 2; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (2 + 2*x)*v[i - 1] - (1 - 2*x + x^2)*v[i - 2]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-7b8f3a8fe3cbfab2
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-7b8f3a8fe3cbfab2
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-7b8f3a8fe3cbfab2

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

Same fingerprint (2)

Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.

References

  1. [ASW52] Michael Aissen, I. J. Schoenberg and A. M. Whitney. On the generating functions of totally positive sequences I. Journal d’Analyse Mathématique, 2(1):93–103, 1952. doi:10.1007/BF02786970
  2. [AW24] Christos A. Athanasiadis and David G. Wagner. Veronese sections and interlacing matrices of polynomials and formal power series. arXiv:2404.12989. arXiv
  3. [Edr53] Albert Edrei. Proof of a Conjecture of Schoenberg on the Generating Function of a Totally Positive Sequence. Canadian Journal of Mathematics, 5:86–94, 1953. doi:10.4153/CJM-1953-010-3