A143491 → basis A013609 → D+1

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Submission text ?

Triangle begins:
  0:          26,          22,           4;
  1:         154,         190,          72,           8;
  2:        1044,        1636,         908,         208,          16;
  3:        8028,       14908,       10580,        3560,         560,         32;
  4:       69264,      146336,      123856,       53560,       12400,       1440,         64;
  5:      663696,     1553760,     1504608,      779912,      232960,      39872,       3584,       128;
  6:     6999840,    17829504,    19225104,    11454240,     4117904,     912128,     120960,      8704,      256;
  7:    80627040,   220495104,   259779216,   173048896,    71782032,   19201056,    3303552,    350976,    20736,     512;
  8:  1007441280,  2928532608,  3718167264,  2716055840,  1264028960,  391380192,   81544512,  11262720,   983040,   48640,   1024;
  9: 13575738240, 41621687424, 56353831776, 44503641248, 22782870880, 7937935456, 1919643264, 321830784, 36579840, 2675200, 112640, 2048;

The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -(n^2+6*n+9+(4*n+12)*x+4*x^2)*P(n-2,x) + (2*n+7+4*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 26 + 22*x + 4*x^2, P(1,x) = 154 + 190*x + 72*x^2 + 8*x^3.

P[0, x_] := 26 + 22*x + 4*x^2;
P[1, x_] := 154 + 190*x + 72*x^2 + 8*x^3;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-(n^2 + 6*n + 9 + (4*n + 12)*x + 4*x^2)*P[n - 2, x] + (2*n + 7 + 4*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten

P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 26 + 22*x + 4*x^2; v[2] = 154 + 190*x + 72*x^2 + 8*x^3; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = -(n^2 + 6*n + 9 + (4*n + 12)*x + 4*x^2)*v[i - 2] + (2*n + 7 + 4*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Properties

• Real-rooted? Every row P_n, n ≥ 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (−∞, 0]
  by Laguerre’s theorem on differential operators
• Coefficients of one sign? Every nonzero row, n ≥ 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
  derived from Laguerre’s theorem on differential operators
• Hadamard kernel (Malo)? Rows P_n, n ≥ 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
  derived from Laguerre’s theorem on differential operators
• Interlacing of consecutive rows? Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m ≥ 1
  by Laguerre’s theorem on differential operators

Proof chains ? JSON

• Laguerre’s theorem on differential operators [SP14] polytool ? step ›

  • from basis_map_A013609 of Unsigned 2-Stirling numbers of the first kind.?
    • Geometric basis map (elementary) polytool ? step ›

      • from Unsigned 2-Stirling numbers of the first kind.?
        • Liu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ? step › direct check
        • Parent-row provers of polytool polytool ? step › direct check
        • Iterated real-rootedness preservers [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601; Bra06, Cor 3.5] polytool ? step › direct check
    • Geometric basis map (elementary) polytool ? step ›

      • from Unsigned 2-Stirling numbers of the first kind.?
        • ↑ Liu–Wang theorem (above)
        • ↑ Parent-row provers of polytool (above)
        • ↑ Iterated real-rootedness preservers (above)

Related ?

Same fingerprint ?

• A136124 → basis A013609 → D+1

References

1. [Bra06] Petter Brändén. On linear transformations preserving the Pólya frequency property. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 358(8):3697–3716, February 2006. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-06-03856-6
2. [Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
3. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
4. [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.