A064861 → x ↦ x+1

nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, −1] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(6 + 7\,x + 2\,x^{2}\right)\,P_{n-2}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 6 + 7\,x + 2\,x^{2}\)
\(P_{1}(x) = 18 + 33\,x + 20\,x^{2} + 4\,x^{3}\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9Pn(1)
067215
1183320475
2368473284225
31083243872306881125
421675610988473668483375
564827004806473727929841921616875
612966048123121428010321476013682241650625
73888207364903267464595233492213624340849632253125

Computed in your browser ?

Other recurrences

X ↦ x+1 substitution · proved equal for all n (proof step)

\(P_{n}(x) = \left(10 + 13\,x + 4\,x^{2} + 7\,n + 11\,n x + 4\,n x^{2}\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(-12 - 26\,x - 18\,x^{2} - 4\,x^{3}\right)\,P_{n-1}'(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 6 + 7\,x + 2\,x^{2}\)
Technical details
Node id
n-73875e607efb6f6a · revision 2 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A007318
derived:shift_x_plus_one (equal by e-579b5cde2da46ab8)
Fingerprint
f6-a7854389020f6acb

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 (affine: slope 1, intercept 2)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:     6,      7,      2;
  1:    18,     33,     20,      4;
  2:    36,     84,     73,     28,      4;
  3:   108,    324,    387,    230,     68,      8;
  4:   216,    756,   1098,    847,    366,     84,      8;
  5:   648,   2700,   4806,   4737,   2792,    984,    192,     16;
  6:  1296,   6048,  12312,  14280,  10321,   4760,   1368,    224,    16;
  7:  3888,  20736,  49032,  67464,  59523,  34922,  13624,   3408,   496,    32;
  8:  7776,  45360, 118800, 183960, 186510, 129367,  62170,  20440,  4400,   560,   32;
  9: 23328, 151632, 447120, 789480, 927450, 761121, 445244, 185660, 54080, 10480, 1216, 64;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (6+7*x+2*x^2)*P(n-2,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 6 + 7*x + 2*x^2, P(1,x) = 18 + 33*x + 20*x^2 + 4*x^3.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 6 + 7*x + 2*x^2;
P[1, x_] := 18 + 33*x + 20*x^2 + 4*x^3;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(6 + 7*x + 2*x^2)*P[n - 2, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 6 + 7*x + 2*x^2; v[2] = 18 + 33*x + 20*x^2 + 4*x^3; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (6 + 7*x + 2*x^2)*v[i - 2]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-d4e342c4e7f76e08
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-4e787ca2d31dd33d, e-d4e342c4e7f76e08
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-4e787ca2d31dd33d, e-d4e342c4e7f76e08
  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, -1]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-4e787ca2d31dd33d

Proof chains

3 incoming proof steps. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

No candidate equalities or related sequences.