A013618 → reverse

nonnegative coefficientsonly rational roots

Proved for all n all roots real, in (−∞, 0]coefficients of one signHadamard kernel

Recurrence

\(P_{n}(x) = \left(11 + x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 121 + 22\,x + x^{2}\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14x15x16Pn(1)
0121221144
113313633311728
214641532472644120736
316105173205133101210551248832
417715619663062196152662018156612985984
51948717112400927338207151243546585254177135831808
62143588811558973684960370890188561024870745363388881429981696
72357947691192922992970153815614881112420292426184476611180443569915159780352
82593742460123579476910964614964523384605203720278104058485230746101597205445110161917364224
928531167061128531167061112968712300535369215365643076643081846118274405562483153021961566551211743008370688
103138428376721342374004733217118700236665187484920201061076460951543383943216369223641275523927247295292820798613218916100448256
11345227121439314079956889737322254310307658741810343588616859325990652758798798473343998543630399986762072726371046831538066694381431106993205379072
12379749833583241483317970015034285596982281611103853448102404259633620256014720611277382643719719643668799708725319997683322424102146556414844841101115411283918464548864
1341772481694156515696247503748615362488477511275514279849114080553894504303840157789008607680311801528193455137939939923512539994538588666628054836361531998496560560512705165115407021574586368
1445949729863572161668359707106504164556998002998892019332718800601360571193964563222012462413772288482077068962048082697492158504027587987984702229332362401418666048870347076826646620745360145201761184884258895036416
Technical details
Node id
n-6f60b9bdcd89fe3a · revision 0 · JSON
Definition source
derived:reversal
Fingerprint
f6-b6561930bb158c66

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 (affine: slope 1, intercept 2)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

Matches ?

No OEIS matches.

Submission text ?

Atlas rows n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:          121,           22,            1;
  1:         1331,          363,           33,           1;
  2:        14641,         5324,          726,          44,          1;
  3:       161051,        73205,        13310,        1210,         55,         1;
  4:      1771561,       966306,       219615,       26620,       1815,        66,        1;
  5:     19487171,     12400927,      3382071,      512435,      46585,      2541,       77,       1;
  6:    214358881,    155897368,     49603708,     9018856,    1024870,     74536,     3388,      88,      1;
  7:   2357947691,   1929229929,    701538156,   148811124,   20292426,   1844766,   111804,    4356,     99,    1;
  8:  25937424601,  23579476910,   9646149645,  2338460520,  372027810,  40584852,  3074610,  159720,   5445,  110,   1;
  9: 285311670611, 285311670611, 129687123005, 35369215365, 6430766430, 818461182, 74405562, 4831530, 219615, 6655, 121, 1;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (11+x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 121 + 22*x + x^2.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 121 + 22*x + x^2;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(11 + x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 121 + 22*x + x^2; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (11 + x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

polytool c48629374597

Properties

Proof chains ? JSON

Same fingerprint ?

References

  1. [Bra06] Petter Brändén. On linear transformations preserving the Pólya frequency property. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 358(8):3697–3716, February 2006. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-06-03856-6
  2. [Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
  3. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
  4. [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.