A007318 → (1/2+(1/2)n)θ+1+n → D+1

OEIS matches ?

No OEIS matches.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

Triangle begins:
  0:   1;
  1:   5,    3;
  2:  12,   21,    6;
  3:  22,   66,   54,    10;
  4:  35,  150,  210,   110,    15;
  5:  51,  285,  570,   510,   195,    21;
  6:  70,  483, 1260,  1610,  1050,   315,    28;
  7:  92,  756, 2436,  4060,  3780,  1932,   476,   36;
  8: 117, 1116, 4284,  8820, 10710,  7812,  3276,  684,  45;
  9: 145, 1575, 7020, 17220, 25830, 24570, 14700, 5220, 945, 55;

The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -(1+4*x+6*x^2+4*x^3+x^4)*P(n-4,x) + (4+12*x+12*x^2+4*x^3)*P(n-3,x) - (6+12*x+6*x^2)*P(n-2,x) + (4+4*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 4, with P(0,x) = 1, P(1,x) = 5 + 3*x, P(2,x) = 12 + 21*x + 6*x^2, P(3,x) = 22 + 66*x + 54*x^2 + 10*x^3.

P[0, x_] := 1;
P[1, x_] := 5 + 3*x;
P[2, x_] := 12 + 21*x + 6*x^2;
P[3, x_] := 22 + 66*x + 54*x^2 + 10*x^3;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-(1 + 4*x + 6*x^2 + 4*x^3 + x^4)*P[n - 4, x] + (4 + 12*x + 12*x^2 + 4*x^3)*P[n - 3, x] - (6 + 12*x + 6*x^2)*P[n - 2, x] + (4 + 4*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten

P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; v[2] = 5 + 3*x; v[3] = 12 + 21*x + 6*x^2; v[4] = 22 + 66*x + 54*x^2 + 10*x^3; for(n = 4, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = -(1 + 4*x + 6*x^2 + 4*x^3 + x^4)*v[i - 4] + (4 + 12*x + 12*x^2 + 4*x^3)*v[i - 3] - (6 + 12*x + 6*x^2)*v[i - 2] + (4 + 4*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Proved properties

• Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
  Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
  by the cited steps: e-110d52061e80882d
• Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
  All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
  derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-110d52061e80882d
• Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
  Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
  derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-110d52061e80882d

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

• preserver_image derivative_polynomial, shift 0 e-110d52061e80882d

  Laguerre’s theorem on differential operators [SP14] polytool ?

  • premise (sequence): Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = k*(k+1)*binomial(n,k)/2 (1 <= k <= n).
    uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    • preserver_image euler_polynomial, shift 0 e-c94c2672fb190cd9

      Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences [SP14; Bra15, Thm 40] polytool ?

      • premise (sequence): binomial
        uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
        • theorem_check liu_wang e-317eb4ccca60c6ac root: theorem check

          Liu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ?

        • preserver_image reversal, shift 0 e-033cf842aad3bdf7

          Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ?

          • premise (sequence): binomial
            uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
            • ↵ theorem_check liu_wang e-317eb4ccca60c6ac (expanded above)
            • basis_map A007318 e-095baa2a9dfe188f

              Geometric basis map (elementary) polytool ?

              • premise (sequence): a(n) = 1 if n is of the form m(m+3)/2, otherwise 0.
                uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
                • veronese_section r=2, j=0, shift 0 e-292206ad4ae86d2d

                  Veronese sections of Pólya frequency sequences [ASW52; Edr53; AW24] polytool ?

                  • premise (sequence): basis-map coefficients of Irregular triangle read by rows formed by taking every other row of the Delannoy array (A0082…
                    uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
                    • parent_provers periodic_product e-1991a148b9538b93 root: theorem check

                      Parent-row provers of polytool polytool ?

                    • preserver_image mobius, shift 0 e-12303ad0e0b9f8eb

                      Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ?

                      • premise (sequence): basis-map coefficients of Irregular triangle read by rows formed by taking every other row of the Delannoy array (A0082…
                        uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
                        • ↵ parent_provers periodic_product e-1991a148b9538b93 (expanded above)
                • parent_provers periodic_product e-b7eca039219a7f53 root: theorem check

                  Parent-row provers of polytool polytool ?

                • preserver_image mobius, shift 0 e-7e44b66e04c497d6

                  Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ?

                  • premise (sequence): a(n) = 1 if n is of the form m(m+3)/2, otherwise 0.
                    uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
                    • ↵ veronese_section r=2, j=0, shift 0 e-292206ad4ae86d2d (expanded above)
                    • ↵ parent_provers periodic_product e-b7eca039219a7f53 (expanded above)
            • parent_provers periodic_product e-13983862a411779c root: theorem check

              Parent-row provers of polytool polytool ?

            • preserver_image reversal, shift 0 e-989c95e5c893fce9

              Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ?

              • premise (sequence): Riordan array (1-x,x/(1-x)).
                uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
                • parent_provers periodic_product e-b62074ba45057e82 root: theorem check

                  Parent-row provers of polytool polytool ?

            • gamma_polynomial scale 1, shift 0 e-c76adc2a99cd3dea

              Gamma criterion RealRooted IsGammaExpansion.isRealRooted_and_hasRootsNonpos_iff ?

              • premise (sequence): Triangle read by rows, T(n,k) = GegenbauerC(m,-n,-3/2) where m = k if k<n else 2*n-k, for n>=0 and 0<=k<=2n.
                uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
                • preserver_image reversal, shift 0 e-0e058c428dfdfeb6

                  Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ?

                  • premise (sequence): Triangle read by rows, T(n,k) = GegenbauerC(m,-n,-3/2) where m = k if k<n else 2*n-k, for n>=0 and 0<=k<=2n.
                    uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
                    • parent_provers periodic_product e-d82c9b48e4b31a6b root: theorem check

                      Parent-row provers of polytool polytool ?

                • ↵ parent_provers periodic_product e-d82c9b48e4b31a6b (expanded above)
            • preserver_image affine, shift 0 e-3a52de7742ed9314

              Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ?

              • premise (sequence): a(n) = 1 if n is of the form m(m+3)/2, otherwise 0.
                uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
                • ↵ veronese_section r=2, j=0, shift 0 e-292206ad4ae86d2d (expanded above)
                • ↵ parent_provers periodic_product e-b7eca039219a7f53 (expanded above)
                • ↵ preserver_image mobius, shift 0 e-7e44b66e04c497d6 (expanded above)
        • ↵ basis_map A007318 e-095baa2a9dfe188f (expanded above)
        • ↵ parent_provers periodic_product e-13983862a411779c (expanded above)
        • ↵ preserver_image reversal, shift 0 e-989c95e5c893fce9 (expanded above)
        • ↵ gamma_polynomial scale 1, shift 0 e-c76adc2a99cd3dea (expanded above)
        • ↵ preserver_image affine, shift 0 e-3a52de7742ed9314 (expanded above)

Related sequences ?

No candidate equalities or related sequences.

References

1. [ASW52] Michael Aissen, I. J. Schoenberg and A. M. Whitney. On the generating functions of totally positive sequences I. Journal d’Analyse Mathématique, 2(1):93–103, 1952. doi:10.1007/BF02786970
2. [AW24] Christos A. Athanasiadis and David G. Wagner. Veronese sections and interlacing matrices of polynomials and formal power series. arXiv:2404.12989. arXiv
3. [Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
4. [Edr53] Albert Edrei. Proof of a Conjecture of Schoenberg on the Generating Function of a Totally Positive Sequence. Canadian Journal of Mathematics, 5:86–94, 1953. doi:10.4153/CJM-1953-010-3
5. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
6. [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.