A008955 → basis A007318
nonnegative coefficients only rational roots
Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · interlacing (weak) · Hadamard kernel what this means
Rows ?
| n | x0 | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | x7 | Pn(1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||
| 2 | 10 | 13 | 4 | 27 | |||||
| 3 | 100 | 220 | 157 | 36 | 513 | ||||
| 4 | 1700 | 5340 | 6189 | 3124 | 576 | 16929 | |||
| 5 | 44200 | 181340 | 294414 | 235949 | 93076 | 14400 | 863379 | ||
| 6 | 1635400 | 8300780 | 17421558 | 19329017 | 11937976 | 3883536 | 518400 | 63026667 | |
| 7 | 81770000 | 495173600 | 1277816120 | 1820107192 | 1544020633 | 779137624 | 216213264 | 25401600 | 6239640033 |
Generated b-files: A277352 (row sums) ?
Computed in your browser ?
Technical details
- Node id
n-6a1d0871f44aed3c· revision 1 · JSON- Definition source
derived:basis_map_A007318- Fingerprint
f6-ce583c2d05188b3b
Observed on the stored rows ?
- Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
- Palindromic rows: no
- γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
- Nonnegative coefficients (
nonn): yes - Only rational roots (
rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes
OEIS matches ?
- A277352: row sums, 15 terms agree OEIS nonn (row-sum match: finite agreement only) · view at the OEIS · generated b-file 200 terms from n = 0 ?
A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.
OEIS submission text ?
Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula
%F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows.
For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched;
the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a
finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.
The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e ExampleTriangle begins: 0: 1; 1: 2, 1; 2: 10, 13, 4; 3: 100, 220, 157, 36; 4: 1700, 5340, 6189, 3124, 576; 5: 44200, 181340, 294414, 235949, 93076, 14400; 6: 1635400, 8300780, 17421558, 19329017, 11937976, 3883536, 518400; 7: 81770000, 495173600, 1277816120, 1820107192, 1544020633, 779137624, 216213264, 25401600; 8: 5315050000, 37419564000, 114749158200, 200087199160, 216848201433, 149461266072, 63918670096, 15488752896, 1625702400; 9: 435834100000, 3498923298000, 12440415656400, 25701832145320, 33988615649466, 29820528133977, 17347693499704, 6447490015248, 1387896581376, 131681894400;
%F FormulaThe row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (n^2+1+n^2*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t MathematicaP[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(n^2 + 1 + n^2*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten%o PARI/GPP(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (n^2 + 1 + n^2*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)Generated with polytool c48629374597.
Proved properties
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Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.by the cited steps:
e-0b3719baa0dde23e -
Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem:
e-0b3719baa0dde23e -
Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem:
e-0b3719baa0dde23e -
Interlacing of consecutive rows. Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1
The roots of consecutive polynomials alternate on the real line.by the cited steps:
e-0b3719baa0dde23e
Proof chains
1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON
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basis_map A007318
e-0b3719baa0dde23eGeometric basis map (elementary) polytool ?
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premise (sequence):
Triangle of central factorial numbers |t(2n,2n-2k)| read by rows.
uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
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theorem_check liu_wang
e-c0780e435a2392b0root: theorem checkLiu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ?
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parent_provers paper_theorem
e-b6645f2226a58079root: theorem checkParent-row provers of polytool polytool ?
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premise (sequence):
Triangle of central factorial numbers |t(2n,2n-2k)| read by rows.
Related sequences ?
No candidate equalities or related sequences.
References
- [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003