A008955 → basis A007318

nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · interlacing (weak) · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(1 + n^{2} + n^{2} x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7Pn(1)
011
1213
21013427
310022015736513
4170053406189312457616929
5442001813402944142359499307614400863379
616354008300780174215581932901711937976388353651840063026667
781770000495173600127781612018201071921544020633779137624216213264254016006239640033

Generated b-files: A277352 (row sums) ?

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-6a1d0871f44aed3c · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A007318
Fingerprint
f6-ce583c2d05188b3b

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:            1;
  1:            2,             1;
  2:           10,            13,              4;
  3:          100,           220,            157,             36;
  4:         1700,          5340,           6189,           3124,            576;
  5:        44200,        181340,         294414,         235949,          93076,          14400;
  6:      1635400,       8300780,       17421558,       19329017,       11937976,        3883536,         518400;
  7:     81770000,     495173600,     1277816120,     1820107192,     1544020633,      779137624,      216213264,      25401600;
  8:   5315050000,   37419564000,   114749158200,   200087199160,   216848201433,   149461266072,    63918670096,   15488752896,    1625702400;
  9: 435834100000, 3498923298000, 12440415656400, 25701832145320, 33988615649466, 29820528133977, 17347693499704, 6447490015248, 1387896581376, 131681894400;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (n^2+1+n^2*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(n^2 + 1 + n^2*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (n^2 + 1 + n^2*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-0b3719baa0dde23e
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-0b3719baa0dde23e
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-0b3719baa0dde23e
  • Interlacing of consecutive rows. Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1
    The roots of consecutive polynomials alternate on the real line.
    by the cited steps: e-0b3719baa0dde23e

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

No candidate equalities or related sequences.

References

  1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003