A358735 → basis A013609

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · interlacing (weak) · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(-1\right)\,P_{n-2}(x) + \left(2 + n + 2\,n x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)
\(P_{1}(x) = 2 + 2\,x\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7Pn(1)
011
1224
2716831
33312013648337
4191968176813763844687
513048566219202726416448384079342
61024183208276384479776458368228096460801582153
79086588368036304488160096108257288466176360806464512036310177

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-65a2a2b634b6736c · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A013609
Fingerprint
f6-4f3385313ea7aeb7

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

OEIS matches ?

No OEIS matches.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:       1;
  1:       2,         2;
  2:       7,        16,         8;
  3:      33,       120,       136,         48;
  4:     191,       968,      1768,       1376,        384;
  5:    1304,      8566,     21920,      27264,      16448,       3840;
  6:   10241,     83208,    276384,     479776,     458368,     228096,      46080;
  7:   90865,    883680,   3630448,    8160096,   10825728,    8466176,    3608064,     645120;
  8:  898409,  10207432,  50166976,  139208352,  238360448,  257645312,  171493376,   64180224,   10321920;
  9: 9791634, 127569434, 731940064, 2426137344, 5116889536, 7116120320, 6520434688, 3792218112, 1268785152, 185794560;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -P(n-2,x) + (n+2+2*n*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 1, P(1,x) = 2 + 2*x.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[1, x_] := 2 + 2*x;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-P[n - 2, x] + (n + 2 + 2*n*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; v[2] = 2 + 2*x; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = -v[i - 2] + (n + 2 + 2*n*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-047e3d1cd6239819
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-047e3d1cd6239819
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-047e3d1cd6239819
  • Interlacing of consecutive rows. Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1
    The roots of consecutive polynomials alternate on the real line.
    by the cited steps: e-047e3d1cd6239819

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

No candidate equalities or related sequences.

References

  1. [Fav35] Jean Favard. Sur les polynômes de tchebicheff. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 200:2052–2053, 1935.
  2. [Sze39] G. Szegő. Orthogonal Polynomials. Colloquium publications, American Mathematical Society, 1939. doi:10.1090/coll/023