A097805 → basis A008277

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n all roots real, in (−∞, 0]coefficients of one sign Hadamard kernel

Recurrence

\(\left(-1 + n\right)\,P_{n}(x) = \left(-2 - x + 2\,n + n x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(-x + n x\right)\,P_{n-1}'(x)\)

\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)

\(P_{1}(x) = 1 + x\)

Rows ?

n	x⁰	x¹	x²	x³	x⁴	x⁵	x⁶	x⁷	x⁸	x⁹	x¹⁰	x¹¹	x¹²	x¹³	x¹⁴	P_n(1)
0	1															1
1	1	1														2
2	2	4	1													7
3	4	14	8	1												27
4	8	46	46	13	1											114
5	16	146	230	111	19	1										523
6	32	454	1066	785	225	26	1									2589
7	64	1394	4718	4991	2135	407	34	1								13744
8	128	4246	20266	29673	17801	4984	679	43	1							77821
9	256	12866	85310	168631	136479	52689	10416	1066	53	1						467767
10	512	38854	354106	928465	987505	505302	136017	20010	1596	64	1					2972432
11	1024	117074	1455278	4996431	6853495	4524619	1593438	316107	35970	2300	76	1				19895813
12	2048	352246	5938186	26437433	46117401	38525828	17272123	4438401	675807	61270	3212	89	1			139824045
13	4096	1058786	24104990	138125351	303141839	315798197	176702812	57217732	11196471	1349777	99814	4369	103	1		1028804338
14	8192	3180454	97478746	714731745	1956976385	2513729218	1729420693	691662400	169182442	26044018	2547545	156611	5811	118	1	7905124379

Technical details

Node id: n-5ecf178bc343139f · revision 0 · JSON
Definition source: derived:basis_map_A008277
Fingerprint: f6-a546e680aefa4794

Observed on the stored rows ?

Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
Palindromic rows: no
γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

Matches ?

No OEIS matches.

Submission text ?

Atlas rows n = 0, …, ascending powers of x

%e Example

Triangle begins:
  0:   1;
  1:   1,     1;
  2:   2,     4,     1;
  3:   4,    14,     8,      1;
  4:   8,    46,    46,     13,      1;
  5:  16,   146,   230,    111,     19,     1;
  6:  32,   454,  1066,    785,    225,    26,     1;
  7:  64,  1394,  4718,   4991,   2135,   407,    34,    1;
  8: 128,  4246, 20266,  29673,  17801,  4984,   679,   43,  1;
  9: 256, 12866, 85310, 168631, 136479, 52689, 10416, 1066, 53, 1;

%F Formula

The row polynomials satisfy (n-1)*P(n,x) = (2*n-2+(n-1)*x)*P(n-1,x) + (n-1)*x*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 1, P(1,x) = 1 + x.

%t Mathematica

P[0, x_] := 1;
P[1, x_] := 1 + x;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((2*n - 2 + (n - 1)*x)*P[n - 1, x] + (n - 1)*x*D[P[n - 1, x], x])/(n - 1)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten

%o PARI/GP

P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; v[2] = 1 + x; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = ((2*n - 2 + (n - 1)*x)*v[i - 1] + (n - 1)*x*deriv(v[i - 1], x))/(n - 1)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

polytool c48629374597

Properties

Real-rooted? Every row P_n, n ≥ 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (−∞, 0]
by Ray basis map theorem
Coefficients of one sign? Every nonzero row, n ≥ 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
derived from Ray basis map theorem
Hadamard kernel (Malo)? Rows P_n, n ≥ 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
derived from Ray basis map theorem

Proof chains ? JSON

Ray basis map theorem [MW08, Thm 2] polytool RealRooted rayBasisMap_maps_realRootedIn_iff ? step ›
- from Number of compositions of n with k parts, T(n, k) = binomial(n-1, k-1) for n, k >= 1 and T(n, 0) = 0^n, triangle read b…?
  - Row-hypergeometric rows (multiplier sequences) [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601] polytool RealRooted RealRooted.isPFMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos RealRooted RealRooted.isPFMultiplierSequence_inv_ascPochhammer RealRooted RealRooted.IsPFMultiplierSequence.mul ? step › direct check
  - Iterated real-rootedness preservers [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601; Bra06, Cor 3.5] polytool ? step › direct check

Related ?

Same fingerprint ?

References

[Bra06] Petter Brändén. On linear transformations preserving the Pólya frequency property. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 358(8):3697–3716, February 2006. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-06-03856-6
[Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
[MW08] Shi-Mei Ma and Yi Wang. q-Eulerian polynomials and polynomials with only real zeros. The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 15(1):Research Paper 17, January 2008. doi:10.37236/741
[SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.