A286718 → Pₙ + Pₙ₊₁

nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real what this means

Recurrence
\(\left(-1 + x + 3\,n\right)\,P_{n}(x) = \left(-4 + x^{2} + 6\,n x + 9\,n^{2}\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 2 + x\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14x15Pn(1)
0213
156112
2324413190
3308457171231960
439206132264446736113200
56188010077847959100501040521221760
61164800195952010045442375742970520257114398240
72545088043989048239230666202357888069741023584931100531200
86329523201119583712639188488178298084283179822734697163492590611812601244800
9176496320003185492248018947969388561361167696862347310467311473019313285849207146175147072000
105453127680001001919851520617393300032192452960256355585635004205502300330553041174705936136501373017712397191596800
11184895110400003451825532960021938296817920714447008479613986206246761782396100651542287983592358489338307423108003519745211183683779379200
1268252709324800012927515310707208444380529272322857226549385445878958100188879811757218167479159306964954407740723391458647822796318100722754924813173009968128000
1327247200012032000522919469972524803500625594237164812252471875231432263321388533595637751420151959837852514543415272695971576614299680337854650650341505721362911402374662881129849331003392000
1411696359029555200002272023307639500800155509165606624000056102625098774515212530839221134998418842903431868152200297387750059615496586940034288689179320173777631153011193429537327568040545216994984733115704095611934720000

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-5d0c50b73be837bc · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:obreschkoff_combination
Fingerprint
f6-b759540d7ac01940

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 (affine: slope 1, intercept 1)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

No OEIS matches.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:           2,           1;
  1:           5,           6,           1;
  2:          32,          44,          13,          1;
  3:         308,         457,         171,         23,         1;
  4:        3920,        6132,        2644,        467,        36,         1;
  5:       61880,      100778,       47959,      10050,      1040,        52,       1;
  6:     1164800,     1959520,     1004544,     237574,     29705,      2025,      71,      1;
  7:    25450880,    43989048,    23923066,    6202357,    888069,     74102,    3584,     93,    1;
  8:   632952320,  1119583712,   639188488,  178298084,  28317982,   2734697,  163492,   5906,  118,   1;
  9: 17649632000, 31854922480, 18947969388, 5613611676, 968623473, 104673114, 7301931, 328584, 9207, 146, 1;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy (3*n-1+x)*P(n,x) = (9*n^2-4+6*n*x+x^2)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 2 + x.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 2 + x;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((9*n^2 - 4 + 6*n*x + x^2)*P[n - 1, x])/(3*n - 1 + x)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 2 + x; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = ((9*n^2 - 4 + 6*n*x + x^2)*v[i - 1])/(3*n - 1 + x)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, +inf)
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-38cf740a66d8523a

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

No candidate equalities or related sequences.

References

  1. [Fis06] Steve Fisk. Polynomials, roots, and interlacing. arXiv:math/0612833. arXiv
  2. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
  3. [Obr63] Nikola Obreschkoff. Verteilung und berechnung der nullstellen reeller polynome. Hochschulbücher für mathematik, VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, 1963.