A137320 → x ↦ x/(x+1)

nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real, in [−1, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(\left(1 + x\right)\,P_{n}(x) = \left(-1 + x^{2} + n + 2\,n x + n x^{2}\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14Pn(1)
011
1022
20268
304202448
401280172120384
5048392116815127203840
60240229685841573614184504046080
701440156966987216308821099214371240320645120
8010080122832630368177046429447362904912157564836288010321920
90806401083456627126420467392412625285268665641654304186595203628800185794560
1007257601063814468359392253190432596504064928067712954441952626133024237913920399168003715891200
1107257600115090560811251648335221702490033258241643872588820681232064177146336649892735488325413504047900160081749606400
12079833600136034496010419945408474206586881426154053762978692204804411969892484637169871363391103280001644010467844757277312062270208001961990553600
130958003200174418099201440841743367149271399682375274086144557104632102494645329576961174136169510410561361755904672035715340828724879324167407430732808717829120051011754393600
1401245404160024111357696021347214151681145531543462441602470219392108052713465472206604623265408294605696401792313418128253312245785069332864138147700422528527169789388801224446388480013076743680001428329123020800

Generated b-files: A000165 (row sums) ?

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-5d019aef5226c930 · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:mobius_x_over_x_plus_one
Fingerprint
f6-56ff70451877aec3

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0: 1;
  1: 0,     2;
  2: 0,     2,       6;
  3: 0,     4,      20,      24;
  4: 0,    12,      80,     172,      120;
  5: 0,    48,     392,    1168,     1512,      720;
  6: 0,   240,    2296,    8584,    15736,    14184,     5040;
  7: 0,  1440,   15696,   69872,   163088,   210992,   143712,    40320;
  8: 0, 10080,  122832,  630368,  1770464,  2944736,  2904912,  1575648,   362880;
  9: 0, 80640, 1083456, 6271264, 20467392, 41262528, 52686656, 41654304, 18659520, 3628800;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy (1+x)*P(n,x) = (n-1+2*n*x+(n+1)*x^2)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((n - 1 + 2*n*x + (n + 1)*x^2)*P[n - 1, x])/(1 + x)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = ((n - 1 + 2*n*x + (n + 1)*x^2)*v[i - 1])/(1 + x)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in [-1, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-6f7d3c59dddae552
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-6f7d3c59dddae552
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-6f7d3c59dddae552

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

No candidate equalities or related sequences.