A105868 → x ↦ x+1

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n all roots real, in (−∞, −1]coefficients of one sign Hadamard kernel

Recurrence

\(\left(n\right)\,P_{n}(x) = \left(2 - 2\,x - n + 3\,n x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(6 + 4\,x - 2\,x^{2}\right)\,P_{n-1}'(x)\)

\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

n	x⁰	x¹	x²	x³	x⁴	x⁵	x⁶	x⁷	x⁸	x⁹	x¹⁰	x¹¹	x¹²	x¹³	x¹⁴	P_n(1)
0	1															1
1	1	1														2
2	3	4	1													8
3	7	15	9	1												32
4	19	52	48	16	1											136
5	51	175	220	120	25	1										592
6	141	576	915	700	255	36	1									2624
7	393	1869	3591	3535	1855	483	49	1								11776
8	1107	6000	13524	16296	11200	4312	840	64	1							53344
9	3139	19107	49428	70476	59976	30744	9072	1368	81	1						243392
10	8953	60460	176535	290760	295260	189504	75600	17640	2115	100	1					1116928
11	25653	190333	619135	1156815	1365540	1054284	532224	170280	32175	3135	121	1				5149696
12	73789	596652	2139588	4471720	6017715	5433912	3325476	1359864	356895	55660	4488	144	1			23835904
13	212941	1863745	7304232	16884868	25517635	26395083	19004700	9491196	3213639	704275	92092	6240	169	1		110690816
14	616227	5804176	24680929	62526828	104857753	122278156	101324223	59874672	24933909	7111104	1320319	146692	8463	196	1	515483648

Other recurrences

Image under the basis map A007318 · proved equal for all n (proof step)

\(\left(n\right)\,P_{n}(x) = \left(-3 - 2\,x + x^{2} + 3\,n + 2\,n x - n x^{2}\right)\,P_{n-2}(x) + \left(-1 - x + 2\,n + 2\,n x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)

\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)

\(P_{1}(x) = 1 + x\)

Technical details

Node id: n-599a15b7e3066985 · revision 0 · JSON
Definition source: derived:shift_x_plus_one
derived:basis_map_A007318 (equal by e-017913195b484d15)
Fingerprint: f6-6c38d9e18d870de1

Observed on the stored rows ?

Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
Palindromic rows: no
γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

Matches ?

No OEIS matches.

Submission text ?

Atlas rows n = 0, …, ascending powers of x

%e Example

Triangle begins:
  0:    1;
  1:    1,     1;
  2:    3,     4,     1;
  3:    7,    15,     9,     1;
  4:   19,    52,    48,    16,     1;
  5:   51,   175,   220,   120,    25,     1;
  6:  141,   576,   915,   700,   255,    36,    1;
  7:  393,  1869,  3591,  3535,  1855,   483,   49,    1;
  8: 1107,  6000, 13524, 16296, 11200,  4312,  840,   64,  1;
  9: 3139, 19107, 49428, 70476, 59976, 30744, 9072, 1368, 81, 1;

%F Formula

The row polynomials satisfy n*P(n,x) = -(n-2-(3*n-2)*x)*P(n-1,x) + (6+4*x-2*x^2)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.

%t Mathematica

P[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[(-(n - 2 - (3*n - 2)*x)*P[n - 1, x] + (6 + 4*x - 2*x^2)*D[P[n - 1, x], x])/(n)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten

%o PARI/GP

P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (-(n - 2 - (3*n - 2)*x)*v[i - 1] + (6 + 4*x - 2*x^2)*deriv(v[i - 1], x))/(n)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

polytool c48629374597

Properties

Real-rooted? Every row P_n, n ≥ 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (−∞, -1]
by Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary)
Coefficients of one sign? Every nonzero row, n ≥ 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
derived from Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary), Geometric basis map (elementary)
Hadamard kernel (Malo)? Rows P_n, n ≥ 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
derived from Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary), Geometric basis map (elementary)
Real-rooted? Every row P_n, n ≥ 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (−∞, 0]
by Geometric basis map (elementary)

Proof chains ? JSON

Geometric basis map (elementary) polytool ? step ›
- from Triangle read by rows, T(n,k) = C(n,k)*C(k,n-k).?
  - Liu–Wang theorem for three-term recurrences [LW07, Thm 2.1, Thm 2.3, Cor 2.4, Prop 3.3] polytool ? step › direct check
Ore-algebra identity of two definitions polytool ? step › direct check
Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ? step ›
- from Triangle read by rows, T(n,k) = C(n,k)*C(k,n-k).?
  - ↑ Liu–Wang theorem for three-term recurrences (above)

References

[LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003