A143491 → basis A013609

nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(4 + 2\,x + n\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 12 + 14\,x + 4\,x^{2}\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14x15x16Pn(1)
01214430
16094488210
2360684476144161680
325205508470019604003215120
4201604910448616250807120105664151200
51814404822565357523229521142402374426881281663200
61814400518544063220324301024178830446592074368665625619958400
719958400606686407991323259955328282733928701728174988822195216128512259459200
823950080076794048010802960648792904004591913601609675203840211261632006374403840010243632428800
931135104001046222784015579729792135913673287728068480301096048082116249615692582420613120177408090112204854486432000
1043589145600152698210560239040672768221438602176135375693376576095836801751819590438392865286024353286606336048097282088964096871782912000
11653837184000237765144960038910065126403799660378176247351260499211348951419523779921059209262568972816715102976219582105620427264012752896479232819214820309504000
121046139494400039350097561600670114071014406857657907609647175522436224231053474812168317663978624223799524748845269302707268563342848766000435261259161633173504108953616384266765571072000
131778437140480006898744484352001217894115847680129982465849651293913703956800048714195205312018761098259904054681247164544121717719552002070962882560267346759680257340661761789132800848691202457600327685068545850368000
143201186852864000127734274999296002330184298212864025832632084632576195041160292170241064682921609216043512815908889601359484414159872328454389522688616208757964808954167439360997906710528836725227525105909760213975040550502465536101370917007360000

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-578e4bbd7f77169d · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A013609
Fingerprint
f6-3f80906410b0a92d

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 (affine: slope 1, intercept 2)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:         12,          14,           4;
  1:         60,          94,          48,           8;
  2:        360,         684,         476,         144,         16;
  3:       2520,        5508,        4700,        1960,        400,         32;
  4:      20160,       49104,       48616,       25080,       7120,       1056,        64;
  5:     181440,      482256,      535752,      322952,     114240,      23744,      2688,       128;
  6:    1814400,     5185440,     6322032,     4301024,    1788304,     465920,     74368,      6656,      256;
  7:   19958400,    60668640,    79913232,    59955328,   28273392,    8701728,   1749888,    221952,    16128,     512;
  8:  239500800,   767940480,  1080296064,   879290400,  459191360,  160967520,  38402112,   6163200,   637440,   38400,  1024;
  9: 3113510400, 10462227840, 15579729792, 13591367328, 7728068480, 3010960480, 821162496, 156925824, 20613120, 1774080, 90112, 2048;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (n+4+2*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 12 + 14*x + 4*x^2.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 12 + 14*x + 4*x^2;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(n + 4 + 2*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 12 + 14*x + 4*x^2; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (n + 4 + 2*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-7cc986a9eefcf6a5
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-7cc986a9eefcf6a5
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-7cc986a9eefcf6a5

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

Same fingerprint (1)

Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.

References

  1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003