A038335 → basis A013611
nonnegative coefficients only rational roots
Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means
Rows ?
| n | x0 | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | x7 | Pn(1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| 1 | 21 | 36 | 57 | ||||||
| 2 | 441 | 1512 | 1296 | 3249 | |||||
| 3 | 9261 | 47628 | 81648 | 46656 | 185193 | ||||
| 4 | 194481 | 1333584 | 3429216 | 3919104 | 1679616 | 10556001 | |||
| 5 | 4084101 | 35006580 | 120022560 | 205752960 | 176359680 | 60466176 | 601692057 | ||
| 6 | 85766121 | 882165816 | 3780710640 | 8641624320 | 11110659840 | 7618738176 | 2176782336 | 34296447249 | |
| 7 | 1801088541 | 21613062492 | 111152892816 | 317579693760 | 544422332160 | 559977255936 | 319987003392 | 78364164096 | 1954897493193 |
Computed in your browser ?
Technical details
- Node id
n-537d24a405b4f361· revision 1 · JSON- Definition source
derived:basis_map_A013611- Fingerprint
f6-48a0cbb267bcb941
Observed on the stored rows ?
- Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
- Palindromic rows: no
- γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
- Nonnegative coefficients (
nonn): yes - Only rational roots (
rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes
OEIS matches ?
No OEIS matches.
OEIS submission text ?
Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula
%F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows.
For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched;
the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a
finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.
The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e ExampleTriangle begins: 0: 1; 1: 21, 36; 2: 441, 1512, 1296; 3: 9261, 47628, 81648, 46656; 4: 194481, 1333584, 3429216, 3919104, 1679616; 5: 4084101, 35006580, 120022560, 205752960, 176359680, 60466176; 6: 85766121, 882165816, 3780710640, 8641624320, 11110659840, 7618738176, 2176782336; 7: 1801088541, 21613062492, 111152892816, 317579693760, 544422332160, 559977255936, 319987003392, 78364164096; 8: 37822859361, 518713499808, 3112280998848, 10670677710336, 22865737950720, 31358726332416, 26878908284928, 13165179568128, 2821109907456; 9: 794280046581, 12254606432964, 84031586968896, 336126347875584, 864324894537216, 1481699819206656, 1693371221950464, 1244109469188096, 533189772509184, 101559956668416;
%F FormulaThe row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (21+36*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t MathematicaP[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(21 + 36*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten%o PARI/GPP(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (21 + 36*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)Generated with polytool c48629374597.
Proved properties
-
Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.by the cited steps:
e-3428d0ea6005b0ef -
Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem:
e-3428d0ea6005b0ef -
Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem:
e-3428d0ea6005b0ef
Proof chains
1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON
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basis_map A013611
e-3428d0ea6005b0efGeometric basis map (elementary) polytool ?
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premise (sequence):
Triangle whose (i,j)-th entry is binomial(i,j)*12^(i-j)*9^j.
uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
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theorem_check liu_wang
e-03786f96284c3301root: theorem checkLiu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ?
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parent_provers periodic_product
e-2dcf274e8e5380c5root: theorem checkParent-row provers of polytool polytool ?
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premise (sequence):
Triangle whose (i,j)-th entry is binomial(i,j)*12^(i-j)*9^j.
Related sequences ?
Same fingerprint (3)
Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.
- A038284 → basis A013611
- Triangle whose (i,j)-th entry is binomial(i,j)*12^(i-j)*7^j.
- A013613 → basis A013609
References
- [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003