Real-rooted atlas

A038221 → basis A013610 → basis A008277

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n all roots real, in (−∞, 0]coefficients of one signHadamard kernel

Recurrence

\(P_{n}(x) = \left(15 + 9\,x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(9\,x\right)\,P_{n-1}'(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14Pn(1)
011
115924
222535181657
3337510449583272920385
450625281151286497831066561707940
5759375720324911984760606892510825655904927157923
611390625179712351460326321362757690109831140132860255314411137835593
71708593754415612049168081797521937875986988662073501785641760156243654478296951586286778
82562890625107512423551594410440257965181532266626585413671186934371750268515879661779264468430467212511860971275
938443359375260336418084920583156340440458873183174854064248988761516855331028039353516891540438044692019819758444939387420489130545864814833
105766503906256282673057475170267443686216121125157763983302485752849125730137710227067087539562463441522761491380014080514300699147521501837139534867844017203926240599050
11864975585937515130313873096492375369699162407295049732540489309145786037292997200104997911882384070396920202106885388356949350835283100086402838504566928826577195230127770466031381059609420228154925914005
121297463378906253639060109816595179748928320938121742058720396251676268290535494807260981761194904858001900036837306014789657521009070231261348916162287714627016462154329436068761258439935981840552428894013736628242953648125813756269599950557
131946195068359375874542143396998449266446617557930737201838240292131414712454606701585917968186655313317623680664888293226849529392688078881118610534516959072162320066325390257243829421520179032561582275158202712109001036488155931621925333929422345725418658283291664274058513024332888
1429192926025390625210065271971431971518871447172317444188017960411182754079455770251485943510999109931203602593716941016069772527047247614122146143733116293267456857000338403025207184154786967050491252563003835743110503685292896064499223229238880202947066124444667223331182261557993735054122876792454961112289882098879295574597
Technical details
Node id
n-4dddb9f13c55bc4b · revision 0 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A008277
Fingerprint
f6-c377b8329dc9dd7c

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

Matches ?

No OEIS matches.

Submission text ?

Atlas rows n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:           1;
  1:          15,             9;
  2:         225,           351,             81;
  3:        3375,         10449,           5832,            729;
  4:       50625,        281151,         286497,          83106,           6561;
  5:      759375,       7203249,       11984760,        6068925,        1082565,          59049;
  6:    11390625,     179712351,      460326321,      362757690,      109831140,       13286025,        531441;
  7:   170859375,    4415612049,    16808179752,    19378759869,     8866207350,     1785641760,     156243654,      4782969;
  8:  2562890625,  107512423551,   594410440257,   965181532266,   626585413671,   186934371750,   26851587966,   1779264468,    43046721;
  9: 38443359375, 2603364180849, 20583156340440, 45887318317485, 40642489887615, 16855331028039, 3535168915404, 380446920198, 19758444939, 387420489;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (15+9*x)*P(n-1,x) + 9*x*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(15 + 9*x)*P[n - 1, x] + 9*x*D[P[n - 1, x], x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (15 + 9*x)*v[i - 1] + 9*x*deriv(v[i - 1], x)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

polytool c48629374597

Properties

  • Real-rooted? Every row P_n, n ≥ 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (−∞, 0]
    by Ray basis map theorem
  • Coefficients of one sign? Every nonzero row, n ≥ 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    derived from Ray basis map theorem
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo)? Rows P_n, n ≥ 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    derived from Ray basis map theorem

Proof chains ? JSON

Same fingerprint ?

References

  1. [ASW52] Michael Aissen, I. J. Schoenberg and A. M. Whitney. On the generating functions of totally positive sequences I. Journal d’Analyse Mathématique, 2(1):93–103, 1952. doi:10.1007/BF02786970
  2. [AW24] Christos A. Athanasiadis and David G. Wagner. Veronese sections and interlacing matrices of polynomials and formal power series. arXiv:2404.12989. arXiv
  3. [Bra06] Petter Brändén. On linear transformations preserving the Pólya frequency property. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 358(8):3697–3716, February 2006. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-06-03856-6
  4. [Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
  5. [Edr53] Albert Edrei. Proof of a Conjecture of Schoenberg on the Generating Function of a Totally Positive Sequence. Canadian Journal of Mathematics, 5:86–94, 1953. doi:10.4153/CJM-1953-010-3
  6. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
  7. [MW08] Shi-Mei Ma and Yi Wang. q-Eulerian polynomials and polynomials with only real zeros. The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 15(1):Research Paper 17, January 2008. doi:10.37236/741
  8. [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.