Real-rooted atlas

A125092 → D+1 → x ↦ x/(x+1)

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n all roots real, in [−1, 0]coefficients of one signHadamard kernel

Recurrence

\(\left(1 + 4\,x + 6\,x^{2} + 4\,x^{3} + x^{4}\right)\,P_{n}(x) = \left(-1 - 12\,x - 62\,x^{2} - 180\,x^{3} - 321\,x^{4} - 360\,x^{5} - 248\,x^{6} - 96\,x^{7} - 16\,x^{8}\right)\,P_{n-4}(x) + \left(4 + 40\,x + 168\,x^{2} + 384\,x^{3} + 516\,x^{4} + 408\,x^{5} + 176\,x^{6} + 32\,x^{7}\right)\,P_{n-3}(x) + \left(-6 - 48\,x - 156\,x^{2} - 264\,x^{3} - 246\,x^{4} - 120\,x^{5} - 24\,x^{6}\right)\,P_{n-2}(x) + \left(4 + 24\,x + 56\,x^{2} + 64\,x^{3} + 36\,x^{4} + 8\,x^{5}\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)
\(P_{1}(x) = 5 + 9\,x\)
\(P_{2}(x) = 9 + 44\,x + 44\,x^{2}\)
\(P_{3}(x) = 13 + 105\,x + 246\,x^{2} + 170\,x^{3}\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7Pn(1)
011
15914
29444497
313105246170534
41719272010965762601
521305158037804240179211718
625444294096401680014880524849977
72960949142051048720665284860814688204606

All 15 rows

Technical details
Node id
n-4da38e15832834ab · revision 0 · JSON
Definition source
derived:mobius_x_over_x_plus_one
Fingerprint
f6-3d2cf55da338f373

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

Matches ?

No OEIS matches.

Submission text ?

Atlas rows n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:  1;
  1:  5,    9;
  2:  9,   44,    44;
  3: 13,  105,   246,   170;
  4: 17,  192,   720,  1096,    576;
  5: 21,  305,  1580,  3780,   4240,   1792;
  6: 25,  444,  2940,  9640,  16800,  14880,   5248;
  7: 29,  609,  4914, 20510,  48720,  66528,  48608,  14688;
  8: 33,  800,  7616, 38640, 116480, 215936, 241920, 150272,  39680;
  9: 37, 1017, 11160, 66696, 243936, 572544, 868224, 823680, 444672, 104192;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy (1+4*x+6*x^2+4*x^3+x^4)*P(n,x) = -(1+12*x+62*x^2+180*x^3+321*x^4+360*x^5+248*x^6+96*x^7+16*x^8)*P(n-4,x) + (4+40*x+168*x^2+384*x^3+516*x^4+408*x^5+176*x^6+32*x^7)*P(n-3,x) - (6+48*x+156*x^2+264*x^3+246*x^4+120*x^5+24*x^6)*P(n-2,x) + (4+24*x+56*x^2+64*x^3+36*x^4+8*x^5)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 4, with P(0,x) = 1, P(1,x) = 5 + 9*x, P(2,x) = 9 + 44*x + 44*x^2, P(3,x) = 13 + 105*x + 246*x^2 + 170*x^3.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[1, x_] := 5 + 9*x;
P[2, x_] := 9 + 44*x + 44*x^2;
P[3, x_] := 13 + 105*x + 246*x^2 + 170*x^3;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[(-(1 + 12*x + 62*x^2 + 180*x^3 + 321*x^4 + 360*x^5 + 248*x^6 + 96*x^7 + 16*x^8)*P[n - 4, x] + (4 + 40*x + 168*x^2 + 384*x^3 + 516*x^4 + 408*x^5 + 176*x^6 + 32*x^7)*P[n - 3, x] - (6 + 48*x + 156*x^2 + 264*x^3 + 246*x^4 + 120*x^5 + 24*x^6)*P[n - 2, x] + (4 + 24*x + 56*x^2 + 64*x^3 + 36*x^4 + 8*x^5)*P[n - 1, x])/(1 + 4*x + 6*x^2 + 4*x^3 + x^4)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; v[2] = 5 + 9*x; v[3] = 9 + 44*x + 44*x^2; v[4] = 13 + 105*x + 246*x^2 + 170*x^3; for(n = 4, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (-(1 + 12*x + 62*x^2 + 180*x^3 + 321*x^4 + 360*x^5 + 248*x^6 + 96*x^7 + 16*x^8)*v[i - 4] + (4 + 40*x + 168*x^2 + 384*x^3 + 516*x^4 + 408*x^5 + 176*x^6 + 32*x^7)*v[i - 3] - (6 + 48*x + 156*x^2 + 264*x^3 + 246*x^4 + 120*x^5 + 24*x^6)*v[i - 2] + (4 + 24*x + 56*x^2 + 64*x^3 + 36*x^4 + 8*x^5)*v[i - 1])/(1 + 4*x + 6*x^2 + 4*x^3 + x^4)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

polytool c48629374597

Properties

Proof chains ? JSON

References

  1. [ASW52] Michael Aissen, I. J. Schoenberg and A. M. Whitney. On the generating functions of totally positive sequences I. Journal d’Analyse Mathématique, 2(1):93–103, 1952. doi:10.1007/BF02786970
  2. [AW24] Christos A. Athanasiadis and David G. Wagner. Veronese sections and interlacing matrices of polynomials and formal power series. arXiv:2404.12989. arXiv
  3. [Bra06] Petter Brändén. On linear transformations preserving the Pólya frequency property. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 358(8):3697–3716, February 2006. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-06-03856-6
  4. [Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
  5. [Edr53] Albert Edrei. Proof of a Conjecture of Schoenberg on the Generating Function of a Totally Positive Sequence. Canadian Journal of Mathematics, 5:86–94, 1953. doi:10.4153/CJM-1953-010-3
  6. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
  7. [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.