A152842 → θ+1

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(\left(4 + 13\,x - 21\,x^{3} + 12\,n x + 38\,n x^{2} + 18\,n x^{3} - 18\,n x^{4} + 8\,n^{2} x^{2} + 24\,n^{2} x^{3} + 18\,n^{2} x^{4}\right)\,P_{n}(x) = \left(4 + 41\,x + 158\,x^{2} + 280\,x^{3} + 222\,x^{4} + 63\,x^{5} + 12\,n x + 102\,n x^{2} + 318\,n x^{3} + 444\,n x^{4} + 270\,n x^{5} + 54\,n x^{6} + 8\,n^{2} x^{2} + 56\,n^{2} x^{3} + 138\,n^{2} x^{4} + 144\,n^{2} x^{5} + 54\,n^{2} x^{6}\right)\,P_{n-2}(x) + \left(4\,x + 22\,x^{2} + 36\,x^{3} + 18\,x^{4}\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)
\(P_{1}(x) = 1 + 6\,x\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7Pn(1)
011
1167
218918
3114453696
4116669645224
51221383604051621088
61241715448556481892432
7130279122828953726245764811264

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-46f7aefd4cb5560d · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:theta_plus_one
Fingerprint
f6-f91f038a00a06c90

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

OEIS matches ?

No OEIS matches.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0: 1;
  1: 1,  6;
  2: 1,  8,   9;
  3: 1, 14,  45,   36;
  4: 1, 16,  66,   96,    45;
  5: 1, 22, 138,  360,   405,   162;
  6: 1, 24, 171,  544,   855,   648,   189;
  7: 1, 30, 279, 1228,  2895,  3726,  2457,   648;
  8: 1, 32, 324, 1600,  4430,  7200,  6804,  3456,   729;
  9: 1, 38, 468, 2896, 10430, 23148, 32004, 26784, 12393, 2430;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy (4+(12*n+13)*x+(8*n^2+38*n)*x^2+(24*n^2+18*n-21)*x^3+(18*n^2-18*n)*x^4)*P(n,x) = (4+(12*n+41)*x+(8*n^2+102*n+158)*x^2+(56*n^2+318*n+280)*x^3+(138*n^2+444*n+222)*x^4+(144*n^2+270*n+63)*x^5+(54*n^2+54*n)*x^6)*P(n-2,x) + (4*x+22*x^2+36*x^3+18*x^4)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 1, P(1,x) = 1 + 6*x.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[1, x_] := 1 + 6*x;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((4 + (12*n + 41)*x + (8*n^2 + 102*n + 158)*x^2 + (56*n^2 + 318*n + 280)*x^3 + (138*n^2 + 444*n + 222)*x^4 + (144*n^2 + 270*n + 63)*x^5 + (54*n^2 + 54*n)*x^6)*P[n - 2, x] + (4*x + 22*x^2 + 36*x^3 + 18*x^4)*P[n - 1, x])/(4 + (12*n + 13)*x + (8*n^2 + 38*n)*x^2 + (24*n^2 + 18*n - 21)*x^3 + (18*n^2 - 18*n)*x^4)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; v[2] = 1 + 6*x; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = ((4 + (12*n + 41)*x + (8*n^2 + 102*n + 158)*x^2 + (56*n^2 + 318*n + 280)*x^3 + (138*n^2 + 444*n + 222)*x^4 + (144*n^2 + 270*n + 63)*x^5 + (54*n^2 + 54*n)*x^6)*v[i - 2] + (4*x + 22*x^2 + 36*x^3 + 18*x^4)*v[i - 1])/(4 + (12*n + 13)*x + (8*n^2 + 38*n)*x^2 + (24*n^2 + 18*n - 21)*x^3 + (18*n^2 - 18*n)*x^4)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-565e2f08268e5565
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-565e2f08268e5565
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-565e2f08268e5565

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

No candidate equalities or related sequences.

References

  1. [Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
  2. [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.