A013612 → basis A007318

nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(6 + 5\,x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 36 + 60\,x + 25\,x^{2}\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14x15x16Pn(1)
0366025121
12165404501251331
2129643205400300062514641
37776324005400045000187503125161051
446656233280486000540000337500112500156251771561
5279936163296040824005670000472500023625006562507812519487171
616796161119744032659200544320005670000037800000157500003750000390625214358881
710077696755827202519424004898880006123600005103000002835000001012500002109375019531252357947691
860466176503884800188956800041990400006123600000612360000042525000002025000000632812500117187500976562525937424601
9362797056332563968013856832000346420800005773680000067359600000561330000003341250000013921875000386718750064453125048828125285311670611
1021767823362176782336099769190400277136640000519631200000692841600000673596000000481140000000250593750000928125000002320312500035156250002441406253138428376721
1113060694016141490851840707454259200216166579200045034704000006755205600000750578400000062548200000003909262500000180984375000060328125000013710937500019042968750122070312534522712143931
12783641640969142485811204952179814400165072660480003782915136000063048585600000788107320000007505784000000054729675000000304053750000001266890625000038390625000007998046875001025390625006103515625379749833583241
1347018498457658773123072003428432179200012380449536000030951123840000056743727040000078810732000000084440070000000070366725000000045608062500000022804031250000086378906250000239941406250004614257812500549316406250305175781254177248169415651
142821109907456376147987660802350924922880009142485811200002476089907200000495217981440000075658302720000009006940800000000844400700000000062548200000000003648645000000000165847500000000057585937500000014765625000000026367187500000292968750000015258789062545949729863572161

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-4550174e70f7b7f7 · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A007318
Fingerprint
f6-da2debf48cb6165b

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 (affine: slope 1, intercept 2)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:        36,         60,          25;
  1:       216,        540,         450,         125;
  2:      1296,       4320,        5400,        3000,         625;
  3:      7776,      32400,       54000,       45000,       18750,        3125;
  4:     46656,     233280,      486000,      540000,      337500,      112500,       15625;
  5:    279936,    1632960,     4082400,     5670000,     4725000,     2362500,      656250,       78125;
  6:   1679616,   11197440,    32659200,    54432000,    56700000,    37800000,    15750000,     3750000,      390625;
  7:  10077696,   75582720,   251942400,   489888000,   612360000,   510300000,   283500000,   101250000,    21093750,    1953125;
  8:  60466176,  503884800,  1889568000,  4199040000,  6123600000,  6123600000,  4252500000,  2025000000,   632812500,  117187500,   9765625;
  9: 362797056, 3325639680, 13856832000, 34642080000, 57736800000, 67359600000, 56133000000, 33412500000, 13921875000, 3867187500, 644531250, 48828125;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (6+5*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 36 + 60*x + 25*x^2.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 36 + 60*x + 25*x^2;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(6 + 5*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 36 + 60*x + 25*x^2; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (6 + 5*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-a1d582096966c77c
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-a1d582096966c77c
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-a1d582096966c77c

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

Same fingerprint (6)

Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.

References

  1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003