A131689 → x ↦ x/(x+1)

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n: all roots real, in [−1, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(\left(1 + 2\,x + x^{2}\right)\,P_{n}(x) = \left(3\,x + 10\,x^{2} + 11\,x^{3} + 4\,x^{4} - n x - 4\,n x^{2} - 5\,n x^{3} - 2\,n x^{4}\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(x + 5\,x^{2} + 9\,x^{3} + 7\,x^{4} + 2\,x^{5}\right)\,P_{n-1}'(x)\)
\(P_{1}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7Pn(1)
111
2011
30134
40181322
501176775160
601342466345411456
7016779835626793468315904
801132245116904541118178047293202672

Generated b-files: A122704 (row sums) ?

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-3f3274366bbb610a · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:mobius_x_over_x_plus_one
Fingerprint
f6-6c43fbf0495b302d

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept -1)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

OEIS matches ?

A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 1, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
   1: 1;
   2: 0, 1;
   3: 0, 1,   3;
   4: 0, 1,   8,    13;
   5: 0, 1,  17,    67,     75;
   6: 0, 1,  34,   246,    634,     541;
   7: 0, 1,  67,   798,   3562,    6793,    4683;
   8: 0, 1, 132,  2451,  16904,   54111,   81780,    47293;
   9: 0, 1, 261,  7341,  73649,  352371,  876255,  1095967,   545835;
  10: 0, 1, 518, 21748, 306146, 2056690, 7487306, 15196348, 16205198, 7087261;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy (1+2*x+x^2)*P(n,x) = -((n-3)*x+(4*n-10)*x^2+(5*n-11)*x^3+(2*n-4)*x^4)*P(n-1,x) + (x+5*x^2+9*x^3+7*x^4+2*x^5)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(1,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[1, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[(-((n - 3)*x + (4*n - 10)*x^2 + (5*n - 11)*x^3 + (2*n - 4)*x^4)*P[n - 1, x] + (x + 5*x^2 + 9*x^3 + 7*x^4 + 2*x^5)*D[P[n - 1, x], x])/(1 + 2*x + x^2)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 1, 10}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n); v[i] = (-((n - 3)*x + (4*n - 10)*x^2 + (5*n - 11)*x^3 + (2*n - 4)*x^4)*v[i - 1] + (x + 5*x^2 + 9*x^3 + 7*x^4 + 2*x^5)*deriv(v[i - 1], x))/(1 + 2*x + x^2)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i, v[i])))};
T(10)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in [-1, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-841cb00766f5fd80
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 1: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-841cb00766f5fd80
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 1, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-841cb00766f5fd80

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

No candidate equalities or related sequences.

References

  1. [MW08] Shi-Mei Ma and Yi Wang. q-Eulerian polynomials and polynomials with only real zeros. The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 15(1):Research Paper 17, January 2008. doi:10.37236/741