A038329 → basis A013610

nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(15 + 9\,x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 225 + 270\,x + 81\,x^{2}\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14x15x16Pn(1)
022527081576
133756075364572913824
250625121500109350437406561331776
3759375227812527337501640250492075590497962624
411390625410062506150937549207500221433755314410531441191102976
5170859375717609375129169687512916968757750181252790065255580130547829694586471424
625628906251230187500025833937500310007250002325054375011160261000334807830057395628043046721110075314176
7384433593752075941406254982259375006975163125006277646812503766588087501506635235003874204890058113073353874204892641807540224
8576650390625345990234375093417363281251494677812500015694117031250112997642625005649882131250193710244500043584805012558113073350348678440163403380965376
986497558593755708838867187517126516601562530827729882812536993275859375031074351721875018644611033125079905475856250239716427568754794328551375575319426165313810596091521681143169024
10129746337890625934173632812500308277298828125061655459765625008323487068359375799054758562500055933833099375002876597130825000107872392405937528765971308250051778748354850564859072962028242953648136520347436056576
11194619506835937515180321533203125546491575195312501202281465429687501803422198144531251947695973996093751558156779196875009348940675181250042070233038315625140234110127718753365618643065250550737596137950550737596137952541865828329876488338465357824
12291929260253906252452205786132812509563602565917968752295264615820312500378718661610351562545446239393242187504090161545391796875280468220255437500014724581563410468755889832625364187501766949787609256253855163172965650057827447594484755337918239490902287679245496121035720123168587776
13437893890380859375394104501342773437516552389056396484375430362115466308593757746518078393554687510225403863479492187510225403863479492187578881686946841796875473290121681050781252208687234511570312579512740442416531252168529284793178125433705856958635625600515801942726255147278302366225205891132094649504857282956046106624
146568408355712890625630567202148437500002837552409667968750007945146747070312500001549303615678710937500223099720657734375000024540969272350781250002103511651915781250000141987036504315234375075726419468968125000031805096176966612500010408940567007255000026022351417518137500480412641554181000061767339628394700049413871702715760185302018885184112116574790945106558976

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-3ccd0708169ccfae · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A013610
Fingerprint
f6-b1029f17d1b64336

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 (affine: slope 1, intercept 2)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:           225,            270,              81;
  1:          3375,           6075,            3645,             729;
  2:         50625,         121500,          109350,           43740,            6561;
  3:        759375,        2278125,         2733750,         1640250,          492075,           59049;
  4:      11390625,       41006250,        61509375,        49207500,        22143375,         5314410,          531441;
  5:     170859375,      717609375,      1291696875,      1291696875,       775018125,       279006525,        55801305,        4782969;
  6:    2562890625,    12301875000,     25833937500,     31000725000,     23250543750,     11160261000,      3348078300,      573956280,       43046721;
  7:   38443359375,   207594140625,    498225937500,    697516312500,    627764681250,    376658808750,    150663523500,    38742048900,     5811307335,     387420489;
  8:  576650390625,  3459902343750,   9341736328125,  14946778125000,  15694117031250,  11299764262500,   5649882131250,  1937102445000,   435848050125,   58113073350,   3486784401;
  9: 8649755859375, 57088388671875, 171265166015625, 308277298828125, 369932758593750, 310743517218750, 186446110331250, 79905475856250, 23971642756875, 4794328551375, 575319426165, 31381059609;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (15+9*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 225 + 270*x + 81*x^2.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 225 + 270*x + 81*x^2;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(15 + 9*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 225 + 270*x + 81*x^2; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (15 + 9*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-a617f0e181e2ec6f
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-a617f0e181e2ec6f
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-a617f0e181e2ec6f

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

Same fingerprint (4)

Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.

References

  1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003