Real-rooted atlas

A038335 → x ↦ x+1 → basis A008277

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n all roots real, in (−∞, 0]coefficients of one signHadamard kernel

Recurrence

\(P_{n}(x) = \left(30 + 9\,x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(9\,x\right)\,P_{n-1}'(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14Pn(1)
011
130939
2900621811602
32700032319947772969525
4810000150344174576712684665613192615
524300000659241994932778513942125157464059049155127798
6729000000278974376129610514711238651190229405365186004355314417966983663
721870000000115361006679167238164457972525810692628861480034596809102120449594782969431686875843
865610000000046959092604819065680954047704854060104626103218064214960736014504894890474623532207484304672124623971395660
919683000000000189045361158759477415869138585483357942846045235718104633200606984163665398576370411714659389672278255697522743874204891475180411399883
105904900000000007549916085191601246173699690809113184814556447183019907616391405605667384416918922512667008618828271385105732272808542621782450273131444745348678440192601412854460875
11177147000000000002997611373224724391249583003282608137203690062689662250916005359919130164006797068602118423201664674699208604932428179106708248321179425808554201072011864087452876597130825313810596096077179632359959380
1253144100000000000011850116655576425121626778343934674425271273495827626509562461239674811083286849816538283844310532160020100629215258862292375641379852641535643456626285099518730960814919069475131000233337770529937530866986282429536481416083204676977953957
13159432300000000000004669375185674805797193115187100786625067385782302672701231148876593279999980135518149606019420213207857284829227689840006969232692853025214620028638873678133482997539247278734774682167566840843584761427694987515651962482240539308413053837252254186582832929661598374208698723003
14478296900000000000000183540522941317426090411537314185048653284519514739492073467813804660706860552404120052231862455354085159727112626968152454342475247248710254136980553519725386509480012741884581551580720980151880124418385241879011843143510831500067259417316887015784061834286637697056273149371761299631228767924549612197601759745918446709402
Technical details
Node id
n-3a4329421a51fc72 · revision 0 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A008277
Fingerprint
f6-277523cbbaaedfaf

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

Matches ?

No OEIS matches.

Submission text ?

Atlas rows n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:              1;
  1:             30,               9;
  2:            900,             621,              81;
  3:          27000,           32319,            9477,             729;
  4:         810000,         1503441,          745767,          126846,            6561;
  5:       24300000,        65924199,        49327785,        13942125,         1574640,          59049;
  6:      729000000,      2789743761,      2961051471,      1238651190,       229405365,       18600435,        531441;
  7:    21870000000,    115361006679,    167238164457,     97252581069,     26288614800,     3459680910,     212044959,      4782969;
  8:   656100000000,   4695909260481,   9065680954047,   7048540601046,   2610321806421,   496073601450,   48948904746,   2353220748,    43046721;
  9: 19683000000000, 189045361158759, 477415869138585, 483357942846045, 235718104633200, 60698416366539, 8576370411714, 659389672278, 25569752274, 387420489;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (30+9*x)*P(n-1,x) + 9*x*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(30 + 9*x)*P[n - 1, x] + 9*x*D[P[n - 1, x], x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (30 + 9*x)*v[i - 1] + 9*x*deriv(v[i - 1], x)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

polytool c48629374597

Properties

  • Real-rooted? Every row P_n, n ≥ 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (−∞, 0]
    by Ray basis map theorem
  • Coefficients of one sign? Every nonzero row, n ≥ 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    derived from Ray basis map theorem
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo)? Rows P_n, n ≥ 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    derived from Ray basis map theorem

Proof chains ? JSON

Same fingerprint ?

References

  1. [ASW52] Michael Aissen, I. J. Schoenberg and A. M. Whitney. On the generating functions of totally positive sequences I. Journal d’Analyse Mathématique, 2(1):93–103, 1952. doi:10.1007/BF02786970
  2. [AW24] Christos A. Athanasiadis and David G. Wagner. Veronese sections and interlacing matrices of polynomials and formal power series. arXiv:2404.12989. arXiv
  3. [Bra06] Petter Brändén. On linear transformations preserving the Pólya frequency property. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 358(8):3697–3716, February 2006. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-06-03856-6
  4. [Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
  5. [Edr53] Albert Edrei. Proof of a Conjecture of Schoenberg on the Generating Function of a Totally Positive Sequence. Canadian Journal of Mathematics, 5:86–94, 1953. doi:10.4153/CJM-1953-010-3
  6. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
  7. [MW08] Shi-Mei Ma and Yi Wang. q-Eulerian polynomials and polynomials with only real zeros. The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 15(1):Research Paper 17, January 2008. doi:10.37236/741
  8. [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.