Real-rooted atlas

A206306 → basis A008277

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n all roots real, in (−∞, 0]coefficients of one signHadamard kernel

Recurrence

\(\left(-2 + n\right)\,P_{n}(x) = \left(4 - 2\,n\right)\,P_{n-2}(x) + \left(-8 - 2\,x + 4\,n + n x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(-2\,x + n x\right)\,P_{n-1}'(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)
\(P_{1}(x) = 1 + x\)
\(P_{2}(x) = 4 + 6\,x + x^{2}\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14Pn(1)
011
1112
246111
3143212159
448162102191332
51647947502332711969
656038105090234344736112287
71912180223285021025586576946180490
865288440220494217533967051127141227571552261
922288392494124835413902657000171799392489218526913960171
107609618159547472734106295316856299229404042640545150267882129618970
112598088370878441556507909892164079889271427816508306919351771483742961230616571
128870403848229025835931057658903557802543530377683891373031165308671839771125630508411111865994443
133028544176556734150032685041362847135072632737325773141512044905362713738663845382334654771966146747127115664548184
1410340096808847634866179921429301141771435612957393378466179615119890713415654132872914020083253764620790529759787771441136223426679
Technical details
Node id
n-39e3865552b07edc · revision 0 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A008277
Fingerprint
f6-b1c4e45fdadaf928

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

Matches ?

No OEIS matches.

Submission text ?

Atlas rows n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:     1;
  1:     1,      1;
  2:     4,      6,       1;
  3:    14,     32,      12,       1;
  4:    48,    162,     102,      19,      1;
  5:   164,    794,     750,     233,     27,      1;
  6:   560,   3810,    5090,    2343,    447,     36,     1;
  7:  1912,  18022,   32850,   21025,   5865,    769,    46,    1;
  8:  6528,  84402,  204942,  175339,  67051,  12714,  1227,   57,  1;
  9: 22288, 392494, 1248354, 1390265, 700017, 179939, 24892, 1852, 69, 1;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy (n-2)*P(n,x) = -(2*n-4)*P(n-2,x) + (4*n-8+(n-2)*x)*P(n-1,x) + (n-2)*x*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 3, with P(0,x) = 1, P(1,x) = 1 + x, P(2,x) = 4 + 6*x + x^2.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[1, x_] := 1 + x;
P[2, x_] := 4 + 6*x + x^2;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[(-(2*n - 4)*P[n - 2, x] + (4*n - 8 + (n - 2)*x)*P[n - 1, x] + (n - 2)*x*D[P[n - 1, x], x])/(n - 2)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; v[2] = 1 + x; v[3] = 4 + 6*x + x^2; for(n = 3, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (-(2*n - 4)*v[i - 2] + (4*n - 8 + (n - 2)*x)*v[i - 1] + (n - 2)*x*deriv(v[i - 1], x))/(n - 2)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

polytool c48629374597

Properties

  • Real-rooted? Every row P_n, n ≥ 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (−∞, 0]
    by Ray basis map theorem
  • Coefficients of one sign? Every nonzero row, n ≥ 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    derived from Ray basis map theorem
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo)? Rows P_n, n ≥ 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    derived from Ray basis map theorem

Proof chains ? JSON

References

  1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
  2. [MW08] Shi-Mei Ma and Yi Wang. q-Eulerian polynomials and polynomials with only real zeros. The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 15(1):Research Paper 17, January 2008. doi:10.37236/741