A013609 → basis A008288

OEIS matches ?

• A001653: row sums, 15 terms agree OEIS nonn (row-sum match: finite agreement only) · view at the OEIS · generated b-file 200 terms from n = 1 ?

A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

Triangle begins:
  0:     1;
  1:     3,      2;
  2:     9,     16,      4;
  3:    27,     82,     52,       8;
  4:    81,    352,    392,     144,      16;
  5:   243,   1378,   2280,    1440,     368,      32;
  6:   729,   5104,  11404,   10672,    4592,     896,     64;
  7:  2187,  18226,  51740,   65736,   41488,   13408,   2112,   128;
  8:  6561,  63424, 219408,  357216,  304992,  143104,  36864,  4864,   256;
  9: 19683, 216514, 885712, 1773952, 1941408, 1225152, 454144, 97024, 11008, 512;

The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -(3-2*x)*P(n-2,x) + (4+2*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 1, P(1,x) = 3 + 2*x.

P[0, x_] := 1;
P[1, x_] := 3 + 2*x;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-(3 - 2*x)*P[n - 2, x] + (4 + 2*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten

P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; v[2] = 3 + 2*x; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = -(3 - 2*x)*v[i - 2] + (4 + 2*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Proved properties

• Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in [-1564556493/268435456, -46056243/268435456]
  Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
  by the cited steps: e-e92bd5d715a60685
• Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
  All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
  derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-9c90c90150c15b0e, e-e92bd5d715a60685
• Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
  Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
  derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-9c90c90150c15b0e, e-e92bd5d715a60685
• Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in [−3−2√2, −3+2√2] (rational outer bound [-1564556493/268435456, -46056243/268435456])
  Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
  by the cited steps: e-9c90c90150c15b0e

Proof chains

2 incoming proof steps. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

• basis_map A008288 e-9c90c90150c15b0e

  Affine-current basis map theorem polytool RealRooted orderTwoConstants_nonneg_iff ?

  • premise (sequence): Triangle of coefficients in expansion of (1+2*x)^n.
    uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in [-1, 0]
    • preserver_image mobius, shift 0 e-2c323256b27180b8

      Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ?

      • premise (sequence): binomial
        uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
        • theorem_check liu_wang e-317eb4ccca60c6ac root: theorem check

          Liu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ?

        • preserver_image reversal, shift 0 e-033cf842aad3bdf7

          Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ?

          • premise (sequence): binomial
            uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
            • ↵ theorem_check liu_wang e-317eb4ccca60c6ac (expanded above)
            • basis_map A007318 e-095baa2a9dfe188f

              Geometric basis map (elementary) polytool ?

              • premise (sequence): a(n) = 1 if n is of the form m(m+3)/2, otherwise 0.
                uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
                • veronese_section r=2, j=0, shift 0 e-292206ad4ae86d2d

                  Veronese sections of Pólya frequency sequences [ASW52; Edr53; AW24] polytool ?

                  • premise (sequence): basis-map coefficients of Irregular triangle read by rows formed by taking every other row of the Delannoy array (A0082…
                    uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
                    • parent_provers periodic_product e-1991a148b9538b93 root: theorem check

                      Parent-row provers of polytool polytool ?

                    • preserver_image mobius, shift 0 e-12303ad0e0b9f8eb

                      Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ?

                      • premise (sequence): basis-map coefficients of Irregular triangle read by rows formed by taking every other row of the Delannoy array (A0082…
                        uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
                        • ↵ parent_provers periodic_product e-1991a148b9538b93 (expanded above)
                • parent_provers periodic_product e-b7eca039219a7f53 root: theorem check

                  Parent-row provers of polytool polytool ?

                • preserver_image mobius, shift 0 e-7e44b66e04c497d6

                  Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ?

                  • premise (sequence): a(n) = 1 if n is of the form m(m+3)/2, otherwise 0.
                    uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
                    • ↵ veronese_section r=2, j=0, shift 0 e-292206ad4ae86d2d (expanded above)
                    • ↵ parent_provers periodic_product e-b7eca039219a7f53 (expanded above)
            • parent_provers periodic_product e-13983862a411779c root: theorem check

              Parent-row provers of polytool polytool ?

            • preserver_image reversal, shift 0 e-989c95e5c893fce9

              Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ?

              • premise (sequence): Riordan array (1-x,x/(1-x)).
                uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
                • parent_provers periodic_product e-b62074ba45057e82 root: theorem check

                  Parent-row provers of polytool polytool ?

            • gamma_polynomial scale 1, shift 0 e-c76adc2a99cd3dea

              Gamma criterion RealRooted IsGammaExpansion.isRealRooted_and_hasRootsNonpos_iff ?

              • premise (sequence): Triangle read by rows, T(n,k) = GegenbauerC(m,-n,-3/2) where m = k if k<n else 2*n-k, for n>=0 and 0<=k<=2n.
                uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
                • preserver_image reversal, shift 0 e-0e058c428dfdfeb6

                  Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ?

                  • premise (sequence): Triangle read by rows, T(n,k) = GegenbauerC(m,-n,-3/2) where m = k if k<n else 2*n-k, for n>=0 and 0<=k<=2n.
                    uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
                    • parent_provers periodic_product e-d82c9b48e4b31a6b root: theorem check

                      Parent-row provers of polytool polytool ?

                • ↵ parent_provers periodic_product e-d82c9b48e4b31a6b (expanded above)
            • preserver_image affine, shift 0 e-3a52de7742ed9314

              Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ?

              • premise (sequence): a(n) = 1 if n is of the form m(m+3)/2, otherwise 0.
                uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
                • ↵ veronese_section r=2, j=0, shift 0 e-292206ad4ae86d2d (expanded above)
                • ↵ parent_provers periodic_product e-b7eca039219a7f53 (expanded above)
                • ↵ preserver_image mobius, shift 0 e-7e44b66e04c497d6 (expanded above)
        • ↵ basis_map A007318 e-095baa2a9dfe188f (expanded above)
        • ↵ parent_provers periodic_product e-13983862a411779c (expanded above)
        • ↵ preserver_image reversal, shift 0 e-989c95e5c893fce9 (expanded above)
        • ↵ gamma_polynomial scale 1, shift 0 e-c76adc2a99cd3dea (expanded above)
        • ↵ preserver_image affine, shift 0 e-3a52de7742ed9314 (expanded above)
• basis_map A008288 e-e92bd5d715a60685

  Affine-current basis map theorem polytool RealRooted orderTwoConstants_nonneg_iff ?

  • premise (sequence): Triangle of coefficients in expansion of (1+2*x)^n.
    uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in [-1, 0]
    • ↵ preserver_image mobius, shift 0 e-2c323256b27180b8 (expanded above)

Related sequences ?

No candidate equalities or related sequences.

References

1. [ASW52] Michael Aissen, I. J. Schoenberg and A. M. Whitney. On the generating functions of totally positive sequences I. Journal d’Analyse Mathématique, 2(1):93–103, 1952. doi:10.1007/BF02786970
2. [AW24] Christos A. Athanasiadis and David G. Wagner. Veronese sections and interlacing matrices of polynomials and formal power series. arXiv:2404.12989. arXiv
3. [Edr53] Albert Edrei. Proof of a Conjecture of Schoenberg on the Generating Function of a Totally Positive Sequence. Canadian Journal of Mathematics, 5:86–94, 1953. doi:10.4153/CJM-1953-010-3
4. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003