A120910 → Veronese 2 (j=1) → D+1

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Submission text ?

Triangle begins:
  0:     0;
  1:     3;
  2:    12;
  3:    39,     3;
  4:   120,    24;
  5:   360,   126,    3;
  6:  1056,   552,   36;
  7:  3024,  2184,  261,   3;
  8:  8448,  8064, 1488,  48;
  9: 23040, 28224, 7344, 444, 3;

The row polynomials satisfy (2*n^3-12*n^2+70*n-60+(8*n^2-68*n+60)*x+(8*n-8)*x^2)*P(n,x) = (4*n^3-12*n^2+104*n+(n^3+9*n^2-98*n-24)*x+(4*n^2-18*n+52)*x^2+(4*n-8)*x^3)*P(n-1,x) + ((8*n^2-24*n+80)*x-(2*n^2-38*n+196)*x^2-(8*n-76)*x^3-8*x^4)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 0, P(1,x) = 3.

P[0, x_] := 0;
P[1, x_] := 3;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((4*n^3 - 12*n^2 + 104*n + (n^3 + 9*n^2 - 98*n - 24)*x + (4*n^2 - 18*n + 52)*x^2 + (4*n - 8)*x^3)*P[n - 1, x] + ((8*n^2 - 24*n + 80)*x - (2*n^2 - 38*n + 196)*x^2 - (8*n - 76)*x^3 - 8*x^4)*D[P[n - 1, x], x])/(2*n^3 - 12*n^2 + 70*n - 60 + (8*n^2 - 68*n + 60)*x + (8*n - 8)*x^2)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten

P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 0; v[2] = 3; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = ((4*n^3 - 12*n^2 + 104*n + (n^3 + 9*n^2 - 98*n - 24)*x + (4*n^2 - 18*n + 52)*x^2 + (4*n - 8)*x^3)*v[i - 1] + ((8*n^2 - 24*n + 80)*x - (2*n^2 - 38*n + 196)*x^2 - (8*n - 76)*x^3 - 8*x^4)*deriv(v[i - 1], x))/(2*n^3 - 12*n^2 + 70*n - 60 + (8*n^2 - 68*n + 60)*x + (8*n - 8)*x^2)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Properties

• Real-rooted? Every row P_n, n ≥ 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (−∞, 0]
  by Laguerre’s theorem on differential operators
• Coefficients of one sign? Every nonzero row, n ≥ 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
  derived from Laguerre’s theorem on differential operators
• Hadamard kernel (Malo)? Rows P_n, n ≥ 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
  derived from Laguerre’s theorem on differential operators

Proof chains ? JSON

• Laguerre’s theorem on differential operators [SP14] polytool ? step ›

  • from veronese_section_2_1 of Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of ternary words of length n having k levels (n >= …?
    • Veronese sections of Pólya frequency sequences [ASW52; Edr53; AW24] polytool ? step ›

      • from Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of ternary words of length n having k levels (n >= 1, 0 <= k <= n-1). A lev…?
        • Row-hypergeometric rows (multiplier sequences) [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601] polytool RealRooted RealRooted.isPFMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos RealRooted RealRooted.isPFMultiplierSequence_inv_ascPochhammer RealRooted RealRooted.IsPFMultiplierSequence.mul ? step › direct check
        • Liu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ? step › direct check
        • Iterated real-rootedness preservers [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601; Bra06, Cor 3.5] polytool ? step › direct check
        • Parent-row provers of polytool polytool ? step › direct check
        • Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ? step ›

          • from Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of ternary words of length n having k runs (i.e., subwords of maximal lengt…?
            • Row-hypergeometric rows (multiplier sequences) [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601] polytool RealRooted RealRooted.isPFMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos RealRooted RealRooted.isPFMultiplierSequence_inv_ascPochhammer RealRooted RealRooted.IsPFMultiplierSequence.mul ? step › direct check
            • Liu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ? step › direct check
            • Iterated real-rootedness preservers [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601; Bra06, Cor 3.5] polytool ? step › direct check
            • Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ? step ›

              • from Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of ternary words of length n having k levels (n >= 1, 0 <= k <= n-1). A lev…?
                • ↑ Row-hypergeometric rows (multiplier sequences) (above)
                • ↑ Liu–Wang theorem (above)
                • ↑ Iterated real-rootedness preservers (above)
                • ↑ Parent-row provers of polytool (above)
            • Parent-row provers of polytool polytool ? step › direct check

Related ?

Same fingerprint ?

• A038207 → Veronese 2 (j=1) → D+1

References

1. [ASW52] Michael Aissen, I. J. Schoenberg and A. M. Whitney. On the generating functions of totally positive sequences I. Journal d’Analyse Mathématique, 2(1):93–103, 1952. doi:10.1007/BF02786970
2. [AW24] Christos A. Athanasiadis and David G. Wagner. Veronese sections and interlacing matrices of polynomials and formal power series. arXiv:2404.12989. arXiv
3. [Bra06] Petter Brändén. On linear transformations preserving the Pólya frequency property. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 358(8):3697–3716, February 2006. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-06-03856-6
4. [Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
5. [Edr53] Albert Edrei. Proof of a Conjecture of Schoenberg on the Generating Function of a Totally Positive Sequence. Canadian Journal of Mathematics, 5:86–94, 1953. doi:10.4153/CJM-1953-010-3
6. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
7. [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.