A391533 → basis A013609

nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(2 + 2\,x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 9 + 12\,x + 4\,x^{2}\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14x15x16Pn(1)
0912425
11842328100
2361201488016400
372312536456192321600
4144768169619841296448646400
528818244928736065603488102412825600
657642241350424576278402009690242304256102400
71152960035456761601048329587258240226565120512409600
823042150490112223232361984401408308224161792555521126410241638400
94608476162232326266881170432152678414192649400324346881336322457620486553600
109216104448541696169984035942405394432589209647185922749440113664031641653248409626214400
1118432227328129228844830721058816017977344225730562122137614936064777216029061127393281146888192104857600
1236864491520303923211550720301424645713100881100800875888647231488045416448213565447290880170803224576016384419430400
137372810567687061504291799048338636817454694427646361633737932831980748823546265613354598457294848179978243907584524288327681677721600
14147456226099216236544724828162251325445158666249020211201227685888131437363211105402887380172803816816641505853444381081688637441114112655366710886400

Generated b-files: A309779 (row sums) ?

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-2fe6a26f73f75da6 · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A013609
Fingerprint
f6-f61ab9580d43f2f7

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 (affine: slope 1, intercept 2)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:    9,    12,      4;
  1:   18,    42,     32,      8;
  2:   36,   120,    148,     80,      16;
  3:   72,   312,    536,    456,     192,      32;
  4:  144,   768,   1696,   1984,    1296,     448,      64;
  5:  288,  1824,   4928,   7360,    6560,    3488,    1024,    128;
  6:  576,  4224,  13504,  24576,   27840,   20096,    9024,   2304,    256;
  7: 1152,  9600,  35456,  76160,  104832,   95872,   58240,  22656,   5120,    512;
  8: 2304, 21504,  90112, 223232,  361984,  401408,  308224, 161792,  55552,  11264,  1024;
  9: 4608, 47616, 223232, 626688, 1170432, 1526784, 1419264, 940032, 434688, 133632, 24576, 2048;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (2+2*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 9 + 12*x + 4*x^2.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 9 + 12*x + 4*x^2;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(2 + 2*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 9 + 12*x + 4*x^2; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (2 + 2*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-8866dbf598c953fc
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-8866dbf598c953fc
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-8866dbf598c953fc

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

No candidate equalities or related sequences.

References

  1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003