A079638 → basis A013610

OEIS matches ?

No OEIS matches.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

Triangle begins:
  0:          1;
  1:          4,          3;
  2:         24,         33,           9;
  3:        192,        366,         189,         27;
  4:       1920,       4542,        3339,        918,         81;
  5:      23040,      63792,       59490,      23625,       4050,        243;
  6:     322560,    1008648,     1121346,     572265,     142965,      16767,       729;
  7:    5160960,   17799408,    22698396,   13969368,    4521825,     777357,     66339,     2187;
  8:   92897280,  347499504,   495267372,  353235708,  138941649,   31121496,   3908898,   253692,   6561;
  9: 1857945600, 7445563200, 11641415904, 9364812948, 4298930496, 1176287427, 193260816, 18515142, 944784, 19683;

The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -(2*n^2-2*n)*P(n-2,x) + (3*n+1+3*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 1, P(1,x) = 4 + 3*x.

P[0, x_] := 1;
P[1, x_] := 4 + 3*x;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-(2*n^2 - 2*n)*P[n - 2, x] + (3*n + 1 + 3*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten

P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; v[2] = 4 + 3*x; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = -(2*n^2 - 2*n)*v[i - 2] + (3*n + 1 + 3*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Proved properties

• Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
  Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
  by the cited steps: e-1be8b109fa0ff305
• Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
  All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
  derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-1be8b109fa0ff305
• Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
  Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
  derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-1be8b109fa0ff305
• Interlacing of consecutive rows. Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1
  The roots of consecutive polynomials alternate on the real line.
  by the cited steps: e-1be8b109fa0ff305

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

• basis_map A013610 e-1be8b109fa0ff305

  Geometric basis map (elementary) polytool ?

  • premise (sequence): Matrix product of unsigned Lah-triangle |A008297(n,k)| and unsigned Stirling1-triangle |A008275(n,k)|.
    uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    • theorem_check three_term_recurrence e-84c88fc8b81d60d6 root: theorem check

      Three-term recurrence criterion [Sze39, §3.3; Fav35] polytool ?

Related sequences ?

No candidate equalities or related sequences.

References

1. [Fav35] Jean Favard. Sur les polynômes de tchebicheff. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 200:2052–2053, 1935.
2. [Sze39] G. Szegő. Orthogonal Polynomials. Colloquium publications, American Mathematical Society, 1939. doi:10.1090/coll/023