A207606 → basis A013609

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · interlacing (weak) · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(-1\right)\,P_{n-2}(x) + \left(3 + 2\,x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 13 + 22\,x + 8\,x^{2}\)
\(P_{1}(x) = 34 + 88\,x + 68\,x^{2} + 16\,x^{3}\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9Pn(1)
01322843
134886816206
28931037218432987
3233102016681280464644729
46103216667269923920112012822658
515979848247803304025280111362624256108561
64181295228736414168813800082848300166016512520147
71094687080296356566752672096513408253120778241356810242492174

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-29bd79a8a49e73a9 · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A013609
Fingerprint
f6-99b7e9fbb1c44352

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 (affine: slope 1, intercept 2)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

OEIS matches ?

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:    13,     22,       8;
  1:    34,     88,      68,      16;
  2:    89,    310,     372,     184,       32;
  3:   233,   1020,    1668,    1280,      464,       64;
  4:   610,   3216,    6672,    6992,     3920,     1120,      128;
  5:  1597,   9848,   24780,   33040,    25280,    11136,     2624,     256;
  6:  4181,  29522,   87364,  141688,   138000,    82848,    30016,    6016,     512;
  7: 10946,  87080,  296356,  566752,   672096,   513408,   253120,   77824,   13568,   1024;
  8: 28657, 253610,  975864, 2151280,  3011792,  2801568,  1756160,  733696,  195840,  30208,  2048;
  9: 75025, 731064, 3138456, 7838816, 12665840, 13914880, 10618496, 5635584, 2041344, 481280, 66560, 4096;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -P(n-2,x) + (3+2*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 13 + 22*x + 8*x^2, P(1,x) = 34 + 88*x + 68*x^2 + 16*x^3.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 13 + 22*x + 8*x^2;
P[1, x_] := 34 + 88*x + 68*x^2 + 16*x^3;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-P[n - 2, x] + (3 + 2*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 13 + 22*x + 8*x^2; v[2] = 34 + 88*x + 68*x^2 + 16*x^3; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = -v[i - 2] + (3 + 2*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-0adfae28f720d284
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-0adfae28f720d284
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-0adfae28f720d284
  • Interlacing of consecutive rows. Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1
    The roots of consecutive polynomials alternate on the real line.
    by the cited steps: e-0adfae28f720d284

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

No candidate equalities or related sequences.

References

  1. [Fav35] Jean Favard. Sur les polynômes de tchebicheff. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 200:2052–2053, 1935.
  2. [Sze39] G. Szegő. Orthogonal Polynomials. Colloquium publications, American Mathematical Society, 1939. doi:10.1090/coll/023