A143491 → basis A008277
nonnegative coefficients
Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means
Rows ?
| n | x0 | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | x7 | x8 | x9 | x10 | x11 | x12 | x13 | x14 | x15 | x16 | Pn(1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 12 | 8 | 1 | 21 | ||||||||||||||
| 1 | 60 | 60 | 15 | 1 | 136 | |||||||||||||
| 2 | 360 | 480 | 180 | 24 | 1 | 1045 | ||||||||||||
| 3 | 2520 | 4200 | 2100 | 420 | 35 | 1 | 9276 | |||||||||||
| 4 | 20160 | 40320 | 25200 | 6720 | 840 | 48 | 1 | 93289 | ||||||||||
| 5 | 181440 | 423360 | 317520 | 105840 | 17640 | 1512 | 63 | 1 | 1047376 | |||||||||
| 6 | 1814400 | 4838400 | 4233600 | 1693440 | 352800 | 40320 | 2520 | 80 | 1 | 12975561 | ||||||||
| 7 | 19958400 | 59875200 | 59875200 | 27941760 | 6985440 | 997920 | 83160 | 3960 | 99 | 1 | 175721140 | |||||||
| 8 | 239500800 | 798336000 | 898128000 | 479001600 | 139708800 | 23950080 | 2494800 | 158400 | 5940 | 120 | 1 | 2581284541 | ||||||
| 9 | 3113510400 | 11416204800 | 14270256000 | 8562153600 | 2854051200 | 570810240 | 71351280 | 5662800 | 283140 | 8580 | 143 | 1 | 40864292184 | |||||
| 10 | 43589145600 | 174356582400 | 239740300800 | 159826867200 | 59935075200 | 13699445760 | 1997835840 | 190270080 | 11891880 | 480480 | 12012 | 168 | 1 | 693347907421 | ||||
| 11 | 653837184000 | 2833294464000 | 4249941696000 | 3116623910400 | 1298593296000 | 333923990400 | 55653998400 | 6183777600 | 463783320 | 23423400 | 780780 | 16380 | 195 | 1 | 12548540320876 | |||
| 12 | 10461394944000 | 48819843072000 | 79332244992000 | 63465795993600 | 29088489830400 | 8310997094400 | 1558311955200 | 197880883200 | 17314577280 | 1049368320 | 43723680 | 1223040 | 21840 | 224 | 1 | 241253367679185 | ||
| 13 | 177843714048000 | 889218570240000 | 1556132497920000 | 1348648164864000 | 674324082432000 | 211930425907200 | 44152172064000 | 6307453152000 | 630745315200 | 44598153600 | 2229907680 | 77968800 | 1856400 | 28560 | 255 | 1 | 4909234733857696 | |
| 14 | 3201186852864000 | 17072996548608000 | 32011868528640000 | 29877743960064000 | 16183777978368000 | 5548723878297600 | 1271582555443200 | 201838500864000 | 22706831347200 | 1834895462400 | 107035568640 | 4491002880 | 133660800 | 2741760 | 36720 | 288 | 1 | 105394372192969489 |
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Technical details
- Node id
n-271026fda29dd6cb· revision 1 · JSON- Definition source
derived:basis_map_A008277- Fingerprint
f6-caf342f7caa2ed5f
Observed on the stored rows ?
- Degrees: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 (affine: slope 1, intercept 2)
- Palindromic rows: no
- γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
- Nonnegative coefficients (
nonn): yes - Only rational roots (
rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no
OEIS matches ?
- A052852: row sums, 15 terms agree OEIS nonn (row-sum match: finite agreement only) · view at the OEIS
OEIS submission text ?
Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula
%F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows.
For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched;
the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a
finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.
The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e ExampleTriangle begins: 0: 12, 8, 1; 1: 60, 60, 15, 1; 2: 360, 480, 180, 24, 1; 3: 2520, 4200, 2100, 420, 35, 1; 4: 20160, 40320, 25200, 6720, 840, 48, 1; 5: 181440, 423360, 317520, 105840, 17640, 1512, 63, 1; 6: 1814400, 4838400, 4233600, 1693440, 352800, 40320, 2520, 80, 1; 7: 19958400, 59875200, 59875200, 27941760, 6985440, 997920, 83160, 3960, 99, 1; 8: 239500800, 798336000, 898128000, 479001600, 139708800, 23950080, 2494800, 158400, 5940, 120, 1; 9: 3113510400, 11416204800, 14270256000, 8562153600, 2854051200, 570810240, 71351280, 5662800, 283140, 8580, 143, 1;
%F FormulaThe row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (n+4+x)*P(n-1,x) + x*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 12 + 8*x + x^2.
%t MathematicaP[0, x_] := 12 + 8*x + x^2;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(n + 4 + x)*P[n - 1, x] + x*D[P[n - 1, x], x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten%o PARI/GPP(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 12 + 8*x + x^2; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (n + 4 + x)*v[i - 1] + x*deriv(v[i - 1], x)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)Generated with polytool c48629374597.
Proved properties
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Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.by the cited steps:
e-13b78624414ee2b1 -
Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem:
e-13b78624414ee2b1 -
Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem:
e-13b78624414ee2b1
Proof chains
1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON
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basis_map A008277
e-13b78624414ee2b1Ray basis map theorem [MW08, Thm 2] polytool RealRooted rayBasisMap_maps_realRootedIn_iff ?
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premise (sequence):
Unsigned 2-Stirling numbers of the first kind.
uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
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theorem_check liu_wang
e-84f3431e657be6edroot: theorem checkLiu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ?
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parent_provers root_domain
e-25f97869157cba20root: theorem checkParent-row provers of polytool polytool ?
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premise (sequence):
Unsigned 2-Stirling numbers of the first kind.
Related sequences ?
Same fingerprint (1)
Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.
References
- [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
- [MW08] Shi-Mei Ma and Yi Wang. q-Eulerian polynomials and polynomials with only real zeros. The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 15(1):Research Paper 17, January 2008. doi:10.37236/741