A114687 → D

OEIS matches ?

No OEIS matches.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

Triangle begins:
  0:  0;
  1:  2;
  2:  6,    8;
  3: 12,   48,    24;
  4: 20,  160,   240,     64;
  5: 30,  400,  1200,    960,    160;
  6: 42,  840,  4200,   6720,   3360,    384;
  7: 56, 1568, 11760,  31360,  31360,  10752,    896;
  8: 72, 2688, 28224, 112896, 188160, 129024,  32256,  2048;
  9: 90, 4320, 60480, 338688, 846720, 967680, 483840, 92160, 4608;

The row polynomials satisfy (n^2+n-2)*P(n,x) = (n^2+3*n+2+(6*n^2-2*n-4)*x)*P(n-1,x) + ((2*n+1)*x-(4*n+2)*x^2)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 0, P(1,x) = 2.

P[0, x_] := 0;
P[1, x_] := 2;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((n^2 + 3*n + 2 + (6*n^2 - 2*n - 4)*x)*P[n - 1, x] + ((2*n + 1)*x - (4*n + 2)*x^2)*D[P[n - 1, x], x])/(n^2 + n - 2)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten

P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 0; v[2] = 2; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = ((n^2 + 3*n + 2 + (6*n^2 - 2*n - 4)*x)*v[i - 1] + ((2*n + 1)*x - (4*n + 2)*x^2)*deriv(v[i - 1], x))/(n^2 + n - 2)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Proved properties

• Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
  Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
  by the cited steps: e-489d879e380263ff
• Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
  All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
  derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-489d879e380263ff
• Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
  Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
  derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-489d879e380263ff
• Interlacing of consecutive rows. Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1
  The roots of consecutive polynomials alternate on the real line.
  by the cited steps: e-489d879e380263ff

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

• preserver_image derivative_polynomial, shift 0 e-489d879e380263ff

  Laguerre’s theorem on differential operators [SP14] polytool ?

  • premise (sequence): Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of double rise-bicolored Dyck paths (double rises come in two colors; also …
    uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    • theorem_check three_term_recurrence e-0f37534727a0e0cd root: theorem check

      Three-term recurrence criterion [Sze39, §3.3; Fav35] polytool ?

Related sequences ?

No candidate equalities or related sequences.

References

1. [Fav35] Jean Favard. Sur les polynômes de tchebicheff. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 200:2052–2053, 1935.
2. [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.
3. [Sze39] G. Szegő. Orthogonal Polynomials. Colloquium publications, American Mathematical Society, 1939. doi:10.1090/coll/023