A207824 → basis A007318

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · interlacing (weak) · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(-1\right)\,P_{n-2}(x) + \left(6 + x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)
\(P_{1}(x) = 6 + x\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14Pn(1)
011
1617
23512148
3204106181329
411898282132412255
569306051208835630115456
64039142408183664200535361105937
7235416288788150516432107380750421726103
8137210519257361173518405576869551184410014814976784
97997214126377338816328356376491992615726917808128854134111385
104661117981897876643621832979333689963651851696263116254881611601233802911
11271669860525360702459254646239558435828516001994927234125844147563510019706611602508992
12158340798133419361963216526395186681192072767167020069553640161660587563262374546860236572110983760033
1392287780262110966445522181839920141778394806149990340191189561443825291275000696958300290293560984279678175283811239
145378926017513254482856015098417758010538206488050350109850174206684884501251426882381456131874963149537521266474776883263841516002918640

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-1fb3d5de4e4b154d · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A007318
Fingerprint
f6-684f9d5a83927374

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

OEIS matches ?

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:       1;
  1:       6,        1;
  2:      35,       12,       1;
  3:     204,      106,      18,       1;
  4:    1189,      828,     213,      24,      1;
  5:    6930,     6051,    2088,     356,     30,      1;
  6:   40391,    42408,   18366,    4200,    535,     36,     1;
  7:  235416,   288788,  150516,   43210,   7380,    750,    42,    1;
  8: 1372105,  1925736, 1173518,  405576,  86955,  11844,  1001,   48,  1;
  9: 7997214, 12637733, 8816328, 3563764, 919926, 157269, 17808, 1288, 54, 1;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -P(n-2,x) + (6+x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 1, P(1,x) = 6 + x.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[1, x_] := 6 + x;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-P[n - 2, x] + (6 + x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; v[2] = 6 + x; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = -v[i - 2] + (6 + x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-7e402d8f3ce84882
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-7e402d8f3ce84882
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-7e402d8f3ce84882
  • Interlacing of consecutive rows. Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1
    The roots of consecutive polynomials alternate on the real line.
    by the cited steps: e-7e402d8f3ce84882

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

No candidate equalities or related sequences.

References

  1. [Fav35] Jean Favard. Sur les polynômes de tchebicheff. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 200:2052–2053, 1935.
  2. [Sze39] G. Szegő. Orthogonal Polynomials. Colloquium publications, American Mathematical Society, 1939. doi:10.1090/coll/023