A038305 → basis A013609

nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(13 + 6\,x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 169 + 156\,x + 36\,x^{2}\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14x15x16Pn(1)
016915636361
12197304214042166859
2285615272836504112321296130321
33712938568307909203650408424077762476099
448268091336654815422940949104032853606065284665647045881
56274851720272597828069750821592116099655920275970244245696279936893871739
6815730721301192881648654234724491160128259105392095669683222077619229113344167961616983563041
71060449937344049458934813220780328757762249660630661728279833823368610271488170313062419651507210077696322687697779
813785849184963626996238013214837680201626441560640131366433744072756794073627983382336073802327040127734796801310100480604661766131066257801
9179216039403790986604620342099690875854029072642896440268362857505601734036925420880032473480962638433191680608869198080936721843208646663168362797056116490258898219
1023298085122481129035548370664327551776633224503925810204960523307572135920386442514808064208084431050496823191155804162374589872512048709535846406744397271045659634073621767823362213314919066161
1130287510659225318172506395535185032386386455896851634619246382498265532989967208163598125320352502375269250483223186550888483848026113769090562057977889510403799343796019247823907921923678762147841306069401642052983462257059
123937376385699289254415089537492527632452686124775614090681882076508817884327004174030416508609542314489611429037375448492860285032310057984243458784329080327491039517817856172870142718873629013170805964833476735545344237704631091278364164096799006685782884121
1351185893014090757354363874712936010114486790291871634022897358058374326803170403423467214480321917886075132547224762914313471734401469447662557663360678206613488152320243458784329080320674193556603607041414392076790784021759878104473602317620153139201528101199872047018498457615181127029874798299
1466541660918317984149138457293527126721700946598622092848036635772893398922880549536593400983843206087174573057051801651506861772021207552339605682013326643201763337195069196032072342038772069580802337204329559171072588387103944966144113151366143262720160688330617651201589225247866880977984767918082821109907456288441413567621167681

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-1abe254a355aa2af · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A013609
Fingerprint
f6-a285c8a8f5f97b30

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 (affine: slope 1, intercept 2)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:           169,           156,             36;
  1:          2197,          3042,           1404,            216;
  2:         28561,         52728,          36504,          11232,           1296;
  3:        371293,        856830,         790920,         365040,          84240,           7776;
  4:       4826809,      13366548,       15422940,        9491040,        3285360,         606528,         46656;
  5:      62748517,     202725978,      280697508,      215921160,       99655920,       27597024,       4245696,        279936;
  6:     815730721,    3011928816,     4865423472,     4491160128,     2591053920,      956696832,     220776192,      29113344,      1679616;
  7:   10604499373,   44049458934,    81322078032,    87577622496,    60630661728,    27983382336,    8610271488,    1703130624,    196515072,    10077696;
  8:  137858491849,  636269962380,  1321483768020,  1626441560640,  1313664337440,   727567940736,  279833823360,   73802327040,  12773479680,  1310100480,   60466176;
  9: 1792160394037, 9098660462034, 20996908758540, 29072642896440, 26836285750560, 17340369254208, 8003247348096, 2638433191680, 608869198080, 93672184320, 8646663168, 362797056;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (13+6*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 169 + 156*x + 36*x^2.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 169 + 156*x + 36*x^2;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(13 + 6*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 169 + 156*x + 36*x^2; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (13 + 6*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-54bb49968ded72d0
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-54bb49968ded72d0
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-54bb49968ded72d0

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

No candidate equalities or related sequences.

References

  1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003