A011973 → basis A007318 → D+1

OEIS matches ?

No OEIS matches.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

Triangle begins:
  0:   1;
  1:   1;
  2:   3,   1;
  3:   5,   2;
  4:  10,   7,   1;
  5:  18,  16,   3;
  6:  33,  38,  12,  1;
  7:  59,  82,  34,  4;
  8: 105, 173,  93, 18, 1;
  9: 185, 352, 231, 60, 5;

The row polynomials satisfy (n^3+2*n^2-4*n+(4*n^2-n)*x+4*n*x^2)*P(n,x) = (3*n^3+5*n^2-11*n+2+(2*n^3+14*n^2-9*n-4)*x+(8*n^2+10*n-14)*x^2+(8*n-8)*x^3)*P(n-1,x) - (5*n^2+20*n+15+(9*n^2+56*n+62)*x+(4*n^2+52*n+95)*x^2+(16*n+64)*x^3+16*x^4)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.

P[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((3*n^3 + 5*n^2 - 11*n + 2 + (2*n^3 + 14*n^2 - 9*n - 4)*x + (8*n^2 + 10*n - 14)*x^2 + (8*n - 8)*x^3)*P[n - 1, x] - (5*n^2 + 20*n + 15 + (9*n^2 + 56*n + 62)*x + (4*n^2 + 52*n + 95)*x^2 + (16*n + 64)*x^3 + 16*x^4)*D[P[n - 1, x], x])/(n^3 + 2*n^2 - 4*n + (4*n^2 - n)*x + 4*n*x^2)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten

P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = ((3*n^3 + 5*n^2 - 11*n + 2 + (2*n^3 + 14*n^2 - 9*n - 4)*x + (8*n^2 + 10*n - 14)*x^2 + (8*n - 8)*x^3)*v[i - 1] - (5*n^2 + 20*n + 15 + (9*n^2 + 56*n + 62)*x + (4*n^2 + 52*n + 95)*x^2 + (16*n + 64)*x^3 + 16*x^4)*deriv(v[i - 1], x))/(n^3 + 2*n^2 - 4*n + (4*n^2 - n)*x + 4*n*x^2)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Proved properties

• Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
  Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
  by the cited steps: e-a0621b476dfe9301
• Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
  All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
  derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-a0621b476dfe9301
• Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
  Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
  derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-a0621b476dfe9301

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

• preserver_image derivative_polynomial, shift 0 e-a0621b476dfe9301

  Laguerre’s theorem on differential operators [SP14] polytool ?

  • premise (sequence): Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of ways to tile a 2 X n rectangle with k pieces of 2 X 2 tiles and n-2k pie…
    uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    • preserver_image affine, shift 0 e-61c0454a07890647

      Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ?

      • premise (sequence): Irregular triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = binomial(n-k, k), n >= 0, 0 <= k <= floor(n/2); or, coefficients of (one vers…
        uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
        • parent_provers paper_theorem e-0801036cdfff24d2 root: theorem check

          Parent-row provers of polytool polytool ?

        • parent_provers paper_theorem e-0d3631d0f359c9ce root: theorem check

          Parent-row provers of polytool polytool ?

        • gamma_polynomial scale 1, shift 0 e-a039cba7823b0b25

          Gamma criterion RealRooted IsGammaExpansion.isRealRooted_and_hasRootsNonpos_iff ?

          • premise (sequence): delannoy
            uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
            • theorem_check liu_wang_derivative_lag e-15c233e4385971d1 root: theorem check

              Liu–Wang theorem with a lag row [LW07, Thm 2.1] RealRooted ?

            • preserver_image reversal, shift 0 e-266d85ca03a298fa

              Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ?

              • premise (sequence): delannoy
                uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
                • ↵ theorem_check liu_wang_derivative_lag e-15c233e4385971d1 (expanded above)
                • basis_map A008288 e-e771e35dc9ee3fbd

                  Affine-current basis map theorem polytool RealRooted orderTwoConstants_nonneg_iff ?

                  • premise (sequence): a(n) = 1 if n is of the form m(m+3)/2, otherwise 0.
                    uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in [0, 0]
                    no recorded property covers this requirement
                • basis_map A008288 e-33dba7e79fe9caa8

                  Affine-current basis map theorem polytool RealRooted orderTwoConstants_nonneg_iff ?

                  • premise (sequence): a(n) = 1 if n is of the form m(m+3)/2, otherwise 0.
                    uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in [0, 0]
                    no recorded property covers this requirement
            • ↵ basis_map A008288 e-e771e35dc9ee3fbd (expanded above)
            • ↵ basis_map A008288 e-33dba7e79fe9caa8 (expanded above)
    • preserver_image affine, shift 0 e-ddc26a351d976abe

      Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ?

      • premise (sequence): Irregular triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = binomial(n-k, k), n >= 0, 0 <= k <= floor(n/2); or, coefficients of (one vers…
        uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
        • ↵ parent_provers paper_theorem e-0801036cdfff24d2 (expanded above)
        • ↵ parent_provers paper_theorem e-0d3631d0f359c9ce (expanded above)
        • ↵ gamma_polynomial scale 1, shift 0 e-a039cba7823b0b25 (expanded above)
    • basis_map A007318 e-2a29a8b9938e2bd7

      Geometric basis map (elementary) polytool ?

      • premise (sequence): Irregular triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = binomial(n-k, k), n >= 0, 0 <= k <= floor(n/2); or, coefficients of (one vers…
        uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
        • ↵ parent_provers paper_theorem e-0801036cdfff24d2 (expanded above)
        • ↵ parent_provers paper_theorem e-0d3631d0f359c9ce (expanded above)
        • ↵ gamma_polynomial scale 1, shift 0 e-a039cba7823b0b25 (expanded above)
    • basis_map A007318 e-d0c14addeb793323

      Geometric basis map (elementary) polytool ?

      • premise (sequence): Irregular triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = binomial(n-k, k), n >= 0, 0 <= k <= floor(n/2); or, coefficients of (one vers…
        uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
        • ↵ parent_provers paper_theorem e-0801036cdfff24d2 (expanded above)
        • ↵ parent_provers paper_theorem e-0d3631d0f359c9ce (expanded above)
        • ↵ gamma_polynomial scale 1, shift 0 e-a039cba7823b0b25 (expanded above)

Related sequences ?

No candidate equalities or related sequences.

References

1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
2. [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.