A038277 → basis A013610

nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(18 + 33\,x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7Pn(1)
011
1183351
2324118810892601
35832320765880635937132651
41049767698242117016258746411859216765201
51889568173210406351048011643588010673289039135393345025251
6340122243741344641714782960419169168057635760604226622444129146796917596287801
761222003278568237444321253059213203828792024207019452026627721397216272496409442618442977897410677851

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-196d480a741a9e86 · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A013610
Fingerprint
f6-57ca34e86b523c55

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

No OEIS matches.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:            1;
  1:           18,            33;
  2:          324,          1188,           1089;
  3:         5832,         32076,          58806,           35937;
  4:       104976,        769824,        2117016,         2587464,         1185921;
  5:      1889568,      17321040,       63510480,       116435880,       106732890,        39135393;
  6:     34012224,     374134464,     1714782960,      4191691680,      5763576060,      4226622444,      1291467969;
  7:    612220032,    7856823744,    43212530592,    132038287920,    242070194520,    266277213972,    162724964094,     42618442977;
  8:  11019960576,  161626088448,  1037100734208,   3802702692096,   8714527002720,  12781306270656,  11716197414768,   6137055788688,   1406408618241;
  9: 198359290368, 3272928291072, 24001474134528, 102672972686592, 282350674888128, 517642903961568, 632674660397472, 497101518883728, 227838196155042, 46411484401953;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (18+33*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(18 + 33*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (18 + 33*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-77c9a747c1207e17
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-77c9a747c1207e17
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-77c9a747c1207e17

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

Same fingerprint (3)

Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.

References

  1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003