A028338 → x ↦ −2x−1 (shift -1) → Pₙ + Pₙ₊₁
only rational roots
Proved for all n: all roots real what this means
Rows ?
| n | x0 | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | x7 | x8 | x9 | x10 | x11 | x12 | x13 | x14 | x15 | Pn(1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| 3 | 0 | 1 | -2 | 1 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 4 | 0 | -4 | 8 | -5 | 1 | 0 | |||||||||||
| 5 | 0 | 18 | -39 | 29 | -9 | 1 | 0 | ||||||||||
| 6 | 0 | -96 | 224 | -190 | 75 | -14 | 1 | 0 | |||||||||
| 7 | 0 | 600 | -1490 | 1399 | -650 | 160 | -20 | 1 | 0 | ||||||||
| 8 | 0 | -4320 | 11304 | -11508 | 6034 | -1785 | 301 | -27 | 1 | 0 | |||||||
| 9 | 0 | 35280 | -96516 | 104992 | -60515 | 20489 | -4214 | 518 | -35 | 1 | 0 | ||||||
| 10 | 0 | -322560 | 916992 | -1054576 | 656396 | -246876 | 58737 | -8904 | 834 | -44 | 1 | 0 | |||||
| 11 | 0 | 3265920 | -9602064 | 11580876 | -7685820 | 3147605 | -838782 | 148323 | -17280 | 1275 | -54 | 1 | 0 | ||||
| 12 | 0 | -36288000 | 109915200 | -138164400 | 96848576 | -42578800 | 12437480 | -2479785 | 339273 | -31350 | 1870 | -65 | 1 | 0 | |||
| 13 | 0 | 439084800 | -1365899040 | 1780641576 | -1308756812 | 611211106 | -192730615 | 42352673 | -6569211 | 716793 | -53845 | 2651 | -77 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 14 | 0 | -5748019200 | 18316316160 | -24665157504 | 18899738208 | -9300496920 | 3130048636 | -745952922 | 128109839 | -15920190 | 1418703 | -88374 | 3653 | -90 | 1 | 0 | |
| 15 | 0 | 80951270400 | -263662888320 | 365560080768 | -290675507304 | 149763901924 | -53327247974 | 13618379775 | -2546417302 | 351741962 | -35837802 | 2658656 | -139594 | 4914 | -104 | 1 | 0 |
Generated b-files: A033322 (row sums) ?
Computed in your browser ?
Technical details
- Node id
n-14d9cddc4558456e· revision 1 · JSON- Definition source
derived:obreschkoff_combination- Fingerprint
f6-4d9d185e0b198774
Observed on the stored rows ?
- Degrees: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
- Palindromic rows: no
- γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
- Nonnegative coefficients (
nonn): no - Only rational roots (
rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes
OEIS matches ?
- A033322: row sums, 15 terms agree OEIS nonn (row-sum match: finite agreement only) · view at the OEIS · generated b-file 200 terms from n = 1 ?
- A130713: row sums, 15 terms agree OEIS nonn (row-sum match: finite agreement only) · view at the OEIS
- A223082: row sums, 15 terms agree OEIS nonn (row-sum match: finite agreement only) · view at the OEIS
- A355627: row sums, 15 terms agree OEIS nonn (row-sum match: finite agreement only) · view at the OEIS
- A329679: row sums, 15 terms agree OEIS nonn (row-sum match: finite agreement only) · view at the OEIS
- A267883: row sums, 15 terms agree OEIS nonn (row-sum match: finite agreement only) · view at the OEIS
- A236619: row sums, 15 terms agree OEIS nonn (row-sum match: finite agreement only) · view at the OEIS
A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.
OEIS submission text ?
Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula
%F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows.
For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched;
the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a
finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.
The atlas's own rows: n = 1, …, ascending powers of x
%e ExampleTriangle begins: 1: 1, 1; 2: 0, 0, 1; 3: 0, 1, -2, 1; 4: 0, -4, 8, -5, 1; 5: 0, 18, -39, 29, -9, 1; 6: 0, -96, 224, -190, 75, -14, 1; 7: 0, 600, -1490, 1399, -650, 160, -20, 1; 8: 0, -4320, 11304, -11508, 6034, -1785, 301, -27, 1; 9: 0, 35280, -96516, 104992, -60515, 20489, -4214, 518, -35, 1; 10: 0, -322560, 916992, -1054576, 656396, -246876, 58737, -8904, 834, -44, 1;
%F FormulaThe row polynomials satisfy (n-3-x)*P(n,x) = -(n^2-4*n+4-(2*n-4)*x+x^2)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(1,x) = 1 + x.
%t MathematicaP[1, x_] := 1 + x;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[(-(n^2 - 4*n + 4 - (2*n - 4)*x + x^2)*P[n - 1, x])/(n - 3 - x)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 1, 10}] // Flatten%o PARI/GPP(N) = {my(v = vector(N)); v[1] = 1 + x; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n); v[i] = (-(n^2 - 4*n + 4 - (2*n - 4)*x + x^2)*v[i - 1])/(n - 3 - x)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i, v[i])))};
T(10)Generated with polytool c48629374597.
Proved properties
-
Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, +inf)
Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.by the cited steps:
e-fe41916ed6845daa
Proof chains
1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON
-
obreschkoff_combination
e-fe41916ed6845daaHermite–Kakeya–Obreschkoff theorem [Obr63; Fis06, Thm 1.43] ?
-
premise (sequence):
Triangle of Stirling numbers of first kind, s(n,k), n >= 0, 0 <= k <= n.
uses: Every row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, +inf)
-
preserver_image affine, shift -1
e-6e459812af5dc78fAffine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ?
-
premise (sequence):
Triangle of coefficients in expansion of (x+1)*(x+3)*...*(x + 2n - 1) in rising powers of x.
uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
-
theorem_check liu_wang
e-59b849691f316c6froot: theorem checkLiu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ?
-
parent_provers root_domain
e-ef36674c01230a86root: theorem checkParent-row provers of polytool polytool ?
-
-
premise (sequence):
Triangle of coefficients in expansion of (x+1)*(x+3)*...*(x + 2n - 1) in rising powers of x.
-
-
premise (sequence):
Triangle of Stirling numbers of first kind, s(n,k), n >= 0, 0 <= k <= n.
uses: Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 2
-
premise (sequence):
Triangle of Stirling numbers of first kind, s(n,k), n >= 0, 0 <= k <= n.
Related sequences ?
No candidate equalities or related sequences.
References
- [Fis06] Steve Fisk. Polynomials, roots, and interlacing. arXiv:math/0612833. arXiv
- [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
- [Obr63] Nikola Obreschkoff. Verteilung und berechnung der nullstellen reeller polynome. Hochschulbücher für mathematik, VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, 1963.