A059344 → ⊙ 1/k! (shift -1) → x ↦ x+1

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, −1] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(\left(-1 + n\right)\,P_{n}(x) = \left(-9 - 8\,x + 5\,n + 4\,n x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(-6 - 14\,x - 8\,x^{2}\right)\,P_{n-1}'(x)\)
\(P_{1}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3Pn(1)
111
211
3325
47613
51924649
6518030161
714127015020581
83938826301402045

Generated b-files: A084601 (row sums) ?

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-123dac0e8ec7cfb1 · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:shift_x_plus_one
Fingerprint
f6-24cf4d809f9b6fe7

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7 (half affine: slope 1, intercept -1)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

OEIS matches ?

A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 1, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
   1:    1;
   2:    1;
   3:    3,    2;
   4:    7,    6;
   5:   19,   24,    6;
   6:   51,   80,   30;
   7:  141,  270,  150,   20;
   8:  393,  882,  630,  140;
   9: 1107, 2856, 2520,  840,  70;
  10: 3139, 9144, 9576, 4200, 630;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy (n-1)*P(n,x) = (5*n-9+(4*n-8)*x)*P(n-1,x) - (6+14*x+8*x^2)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(1,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[1, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((5*n - 9 + (4*n - 8)*x)*P[n - 1, x] - (6 + 14*x + 8*x^2)*D[P[n - 1, x], x])/(n - 1)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 1, 10}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n); v[i] = ((5*n - 9 + (4*n - 8)*x)*v[i - 1] - (6 + 14*x + 8*x^2)*deriv(v[i - 1], x))/(n - 1)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i, v[i])))};
T(10)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, -1]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-502ba5da9494e9e3
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 1: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-502ba5da9494e9e3
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 1, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-502ba5da9494e9e3

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

Same fingerprint (1)

Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.

References

  1. [Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
  2. [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.