A091044 → basis A013610
nonnegative coefficients
Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · interlacing (weak) · Hadamard kernel what this means
Rows ?
| n | x0 | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | x7 | x8 | x9 | x10 | x11 | x12 | x13 | x14 | Pn(1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| 1 | 4 | 6 | 10 | |||||||||||||
| 2 | 16 | 48 | 27 | 91 | ||||||||||||
| 3 | 64 | 288 | 360 | 108 | 820 | |||||||||||
| 4 | 256 | 1536 | 3024 | 2160 | 405 | 7381 | ||||||||||
| 5 | 1024 | 7680 | 20736 | 24192 | 11340 | 1458 | 66430 | |||||||||
| 6 | 4096 | 36864 | 126720 | 207360 | 163296 | 54432 | 5103 | 597871 | ||||||||
| 7 | 16384 | 172032 | 718848 | 1520640 | 1710720 | 979776 | 244944 | 17496 | 5380840 | |||||||
| 8 | 65536 | 786432 | 3870720 | 10063872 | 14826240 | 12317184 | 5388768 | 1049760 | 59049 | 48427561 | ||||||
| 9 | 262144 | 3538944 | 20054016 | 61931520 | 113218560 | 124540416 | 80061696 | 27713664 | 4330260 | 196830 | 435848050 | |||||
| 10 | 1048576 | 15728640 | 100859904 | 360972288 | 789626880 | 1086898176 | 934053120 | 480370176 | 135104112 | 17321040 | 649539 | 3922632451 | ||||
| 11 | 4194304 | 69206016 | 495452160 | 2017198080 | 5143855104 | 8527970304 | 9238634496 | 6404935680 | 2702082240 | 630485856 | 67552056 | 2125764 | 35303692060 | |||
| 12 | 16777216 | 301989888 | 2387607552 | 10899947520 | 31770869760 | 61726261248 | 81015717888 | 71269466112 | 40831464960 | 14411105280 | 2837186352 | 257926032 | 6908733 | 317733228541 | ||
| 13 | 67108864 | 1308622848 | 11324620800 | 57302581248 | 188024094720 | 419375480832 | 648125743104 | 694420439040 | 507794946048 | 244988789760 | 73496636928 | 12380449536 | 967222620 | 22320522 | 2859599056870 | |
| 14 | 268435456 | 5637144576 | 52999225344 | 294440140800 | 1074423398400 | 2707546963968 | 4822818029568 | 6110899863552 | 5468560957440 | 3385299640320 | 1396436101632 | 360801672192 | 52616910528 | 3571283520 | 71744535 | 25736391511831 |
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Technical details
- Node id
n-08fe62d9c34c34e9· revision 1 · JSON- Definition source
derived:basis_map_A013610- Fingerprint
f6-93af6d1da209b590
Observed on the stored rows ?
- Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
- Palindromic rows: no
- γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
- Nonnegative coefficients (
nonn): yes - Only rational roots (
rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no
OEIS matches ?
- A002452: row sums, 15 terms agree OEIS nonn (row-sum match: finite agreement only) · view at the OEIS
OEIS submission text ?
Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula
%F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows.
For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched;
the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a
finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.
The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e ExampleTriangle begins: 0: 1; 1: 4, 6; 2: 16, 48, 27; 3: 64, 288, 360, 108; 4: 256, 1536, 3024, 2160, 405; 5: 1024, 7680, 20736, 24192, 11340, 1458; 6: 4096, 36864, 126720, 207360, 163296, 54432, 5103; 7: 16384, 172032, 718848, 1520640, 1710720, 979776, 244944, 17496; 8: 65536, 786432, 3870720, 10063872, 14826240, 12317184, 5388768, 1049760, 59049; 9: 262144, 3538944, 20054016, 61931520, 113218560, 124540416, 80061696, 27713664, 4330260, 196830;
%F FormulaThe row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -9*x^2*P(n-2,x) + (4+6*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 1, P(1,x) = 4 + 6*x.
%t MathematicaP[0, x_] := 1;
P[1, x_] := 4 + 6*x;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-9*x^2*P[n - 2, x] + (4 + 6*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten%o PARI/GPP(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; v[2] = 4 + 6*x; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = -9*x^2*v[i - 2] + (4 + 6*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)Generated with polytool c48629374597.
Proved properties
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Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.by the cited steps:
e-0cc36dd83eba3acf -
Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem:
e-0cc36dd83eba3acf -
Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem:
e-0cc36dd83eba3acf -
Interlacing of consecutive rows. Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1
The roots of consecutive polynomials alternate on the real line.by the cited steps:
e-0cc36dd83eba3acf
Proof chains
1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON
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basis_map A013610
e-0cc36dd83eba3acfGeometric basis map (elementary) polytool ?
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premise (sequence):
One half of odd-numbered entries of even-numbered rows of Pascal's triangle A007318.
uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
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theorem_check three_term_recurrence
e-4ffbabf9b60188a8root: theorem checkThree-term recurrence criterion [Sze39, §3.3; Fav35] polytool ?
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preserver_image reversal, shift 0
e-75f779345b39f910Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ?
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premise (sequence):
One half of odd-numbered entries of even-numbered rows of Pascal's triangle A007318.
uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
-
premise (sequence):
One half of odd-numbered entries of even-numbered rows of Pascal's triangle A007318.
-
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premise (sequence):
One half of odd-numbered entries of even-numbered rows of Pascal's triangle A007318.
Related sequences ?
No candidate equalities or related sequences.
References
- [Fav35] Jean Favard. Sur les polynômes de tchebicheff. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 200:2052–2053, 1935.
- [Sze39] G. Szegő. Orthogonal Polynomials. Colloquium publications, American Mathematical Society, 1939. doi:10.1090/coll/023