{"id":"n-fae37939907544d7","revision":1,"first_index":0,"fingerprint":"f6-1e916cb7d7a3299c","name":"theta_plus_one_squared of Cube of lower triangular normalized binomial matrix.","polytool_family":null,"interpretation":null,"rows_observed":15,"degree_pattern":"affine","degree_slope":1,"degree_intercept":0,"palindromic":0,"gamma_positive":0,"nonnegative":1,"rr_by_factors":false,"rows":[["1"],["3","4"],["9","24","9"],["27","108","81","16"],["81","432","486","192","25"],["243","1620","2430","1440","375","36"],["729","5832","10935","8640","3375","648","49"],["2187","20412","45927","45360","23625","6804","1029","64"],["6561","69984","183708","217728","141750","54432","12348","1536","81"],["19683","236196","708588","979776","765450","367416","111132","20736","2187","100"],["59049","787320","2657205","4199040","3827250","2204496","833490","207360","32805","3000","121"],["177147","2598156","9743085","17321040","18042750","12124728","5501034","1710720","360855","49500","3993","144"],["531441","8503056","35075106","69284160","81192375","62355744","33006204","12317184","3247695","594000","71874","5184","169"],["1594323","27634932","124357194","270208224","351833625","303984252","183891708","80061696","25332021","5791500","934362","101088","6591","196"],["4782969","89282088","435250179","1031704128","1477701225","1418593176","965431467","480370176","177324147","48648600","9810801","1415232","138411","8232","225"]],"degrees":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14],"row_sums":["1","7","42","232","1216","6144","30208","145408","688128","3211264","14811136","67633152","306184192","1375731712","6140461056"],"nonn":true,"definitions":[{"position":0,"source":"derived:theta_plus_one_squared","source_kind":"derived","equality_edge_id":null,"recurrence":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["1"]],"recurrence":{"denominator":{"coeffs":[["9","-3","0"],["0","9","0"],["0","0","1"]]},"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["27","27","9","1"],["0","27","15","2"],["0","0","3","1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"}}],"properties":[{"id":164770,"position":0,"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region_key":"(-inf, 0]","provenance":"edges","claim_data":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"label":"Real-rooted","description":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-32b8bc759b20a254"]},{"id":164771,"position":1,"claim":"one_signed_coefficients","from_index":0,"region_key":null,"provenance":"derived_from_edges","claim_data":{"alternating":false,"claim":"one_signed_coefficients","from_index":0},"label":"Coefficients of one sign","description":"Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-32b8bc759b20a254"]},{"id":164772,"position":2,"claim":"hadamard_kernel","from_index":0,"region_key":null,"provenance":"derived_from_edges","claim_data":{"claim":"hadamard_kernel","from_index":0},"label":"Hadamard kernel (Malo)","description":"Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-32b8bc759b20a254"]},{"id":164773,"position":3,"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"region_key":null,"provenance":"edges","claim_data":{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"},"label":"Interlacing of consecutive rows","description":"Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-32b8bc759b20a254"]}],"region_exact":{},"incoming_edges":[{"id":"e-32b8bc759b20a254","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"euler_polynomial\",\"coefficients\":[{\"numerator\":[\"1\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]},{\"numerator\":[\"2\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]},{\"numerator\":[\"1\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]}]}"},"operation_detail":"euler_polynomial, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-fae37939907544d7","premise_count":1,"theorem":"Laguerre's theorem on multiplier sequences: if f is a real polynomial whose roots are all real and <= 0, then (f(k))_(k >= 0) is a multiplier sequence, so x^k -> f(k) x^k maps every real-rooted polynomial to a real-rooted polynomial or zero (Laguerre; see T. Craven and G. Csordas, Multiplier sequences for fields, Illinois J. Math. 21 (1977); Polya--Schur, Theorem 40 of P. Branden, arXiv:1410.6601: sum_k f(k) x^k / k! = f(theta) e^x = C e^x x^m prod (1 + x/a_j), a_j > 0); f(k) has one sign for k >= 0, so coefficients of one sign stay of one sign; applied to f(n, .) for each n","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":["RealRooted.isMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos","RealRooted.isPFMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos","RealRooted.isMultiplierSequence_iff_preserves"],"certificate_hash":"c8148f292d79e1d40c6c896b9bef5a8533d71c189c33f77134edd1ee9c80acd5","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-8d887bfc40d036b9","role":"sequence","name":"Cube of lower triangular normalized binomial matrix.","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]}],"used_by":[],"used_by_total":0,"links":[],"oeis":[],"bfiles":[],"oeis_texts":[{"oeis_id":"","target":"node","first_row":0,"oeis_offset":0,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":false,"rows_shown":10,"polytool_commit":"c48629374597092cc41ef4d6273f37991516f984","triangle_example":"Triangle begins:\n  0:     1;\n  1:     3,      4;\n  2:     9,     24,      9;\n  3:    27,    108,     81,     16;\n  4:    81,    432,    486,    192,     25;\n  5:   243,   1620,   2430,   1440,    375,     36;\n  6:   729,   5832,  10935,   8640,   3375,    648,     49;\n  7:  2187,  20412,  45927,  45360,  23625,   6804,   1029,    64;\n  8:  6561,  69984, 183708, 217728, 141750,  54432,  12348,  1536,   81;\n  9: 19683, 236196, 708588, 979776, 765450, 367416, 111132, 20736, 2187, 100;\n","recurrence_sentence":"The row polynomials satisfy (9+(9*n-3)*x+n^2*x^2)*P(n,x) = (27+(27*n+27)*x+(3*n^2+15*n+9)*x^2+(n^2+2*n+1)*x^3)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.","mathematica":"P[0, x_] := 1;\nP[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((27 + (27*n + 27)*x + (3*n^2 + 15*n + 9)*x^2 + (n^2 + 2*n + 1)*x^3)*P[n - 1, x])/(9 + (9*n - 3)*x + n^2*x^2)]];\nTable[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten","pari":"P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = ((27 + (27*n + 27)*x + (3*n^2 + 15*n + 9)*x^2 + (n^2 + 2*n + 1)*x^3)*v[i - 1])/(9 + (9*n - 3)*x + n^2*x^2)); v};\nrow(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};\nT(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};\nT(9)","reading":{"first_row":0,"offset":0,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":false}}],"derivation":{"root":"n-8d887bfc40d036b9","steps":["(\u03b8+1)\u00b2"],"edges":["e-32b8bc759b20a254"],"text":"A027465 \u2192 (\u03b8+1)\u00b2"},"headline":"A027465 \u2192 (\u03b8+1)\u00b2","chain":null}
