{"id":"n-e8bc601e49e62912","revision":0,"first_index":0,"fingerprint":"f6-d3ae4fc63851c32e","name":"derivative of Triangle: row #n has n+1 terms. T(n,m) = 4^m (2n+1)! / ( (2n-2m)! (2m+1)! ).","polytool_family":null,"interpretation":null,"rows_observed":15,"degree_pattern":"affine","degree_slope":1,"degree_intercept":-1,"palindromic":0,"gamma_positive":0,"nonnegative":1,"rr_by_factors":false,"rows":[[],["4"],["40","32"],["140","672","192"],["336","4032","6912","1024"],["660","14784","63360","56320","5120"],["1144","41184","329472","732160","399360","24576"],["1820","96096","1235520","5125120","6988800","2580480","114688"],["2720","198016","3734016","24893440","63365120","58490880","15597568","524288"],["3876","372096","9674496","94595072","386979840","666796032","444530688","89653248","2359296"],["5320","651168","22325760","300984320","1805905920","5000970240","6223429632","3137863680","495452160","10485760"],["7084","1076768","47070144","836802560","6922639360","28116566016","56233132032","52925300736","20891566080","2652897280","46137344"],["9200","1700160","92294400","2092006400","22821888000","127802572800","374887546880","567056793600","417831321600","132644864000","13841203200","201326592"],["11700","2583360","170501760","4799308800","66754022400","492952780800","1993720135680","4423042990080","5237814067200","3103889817600","809710387200","70665633792","872415232"],["14616","3800160","299669760","10255365120","177138124800","1667823575040","8895059066880","27208415969280","47256722472960","45006402355200","21916161146880","4781707886592","354200584192","3758096384"]],"degrees":[-1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13],"row_sums":["0","4","72","1004","12304","140244","1527896","16142524","166806048","1694964644","16998073960","168673195404","1659273526832","16204394655604","157277948127864"],"nonn":true,"definitions":[{"position":0,"source":"derived:derivative","source_kind":"derived","equality_edge_id":null,"recurrence":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["0"],["4"]],"recurrence":{"denominator":{"coeffs":[["3"],["-5"],["2"]]},"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","16"],["1","-52"],["2","24"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","-2","8"],["0","4","-16"]]},"deriv_order":1,"offset":1,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"}}],"properties":[{"id":184888,"position":0,"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region_key":"(-inf, 0]","provenance":"edges","claim_data":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"label":"Real-rooted","description":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-15c1c0caec983677"]},{"id":184889,"position":1,"claim":"one_signed_coefficients","from_index":0,"region_key":null,"provenance":"derived_from_edges","claim_data":{"alternating":false,"claim":"one_signed_coefficients","from_index":0},"label":"Coefficients of one sign","description":"Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-15c1c0caec983677"]},{"id":184890,"position":2,"claim":"hadamard_kernel","from_index":0,"region_key":null,"provenance":"derived_from_edges","claim_data":{"claim":"hadamard_kernel","from_index":0},"label":"Hadamard kernel (Malo)","description":"Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-15c1c0caec983677"]},{"id":184891,"position":3,"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"region_key":null,"provenance":"edges","claim_data":{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"},"label":"Interlacing of consecutive rows","description":"Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-15c1c0caec983677"]}],"region_exact":{},"incoming_edges":[{"id":"e-15c1c0caec983677","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"derivative_polynomial\",\"coefficients\":[{\"numerator\":[\"0\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]},{\"numerator\":[\"1\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]}]}"},"operation_detail":"derivative_polynomial, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-e8bc601e49e62912","premise_count":1,"theorem":"Laguerre's theorem on differential operators: if phi is a real polynomial with only real roots, then phi(D) maps every real-rooted polynomial to a real-rooted polynomial or zero (write phi(D) = C D^j prod (1 + c_i D); D preserves real-rootedness by Rolle's theorem and p + c p' is real-rooted for every real c by Rolle's theorem applied to e^(x/c) p; Polya--Schur 1914); when the coefficients of phi have one sign, coefficients of one sign stay of one sign; applied to phi(n, .) for each n","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":["RealRooted.splits_add_C_mul_derivative_all","RealRooted.splits_C_mul_add_derivative","Polynomial.Splits.derivative"],"certificate_hash":"00b5b98dd21550d8ede0bc8f997c0f02a33dfdec069160824237ea8e9634c722","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-9aec4822212db1dc","role":"sequence","name":"Triangle: row #n has n+1 terms. T(n,m) = 4^m (2n+1)! / ( (2n-2m)! (2m+1)! ).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]}],"used_by":[],"used_by_total":0,"links":[],"oeis":[],"bfiles":[],"oeis_texts":[{"oeis_id":"","target":"node","first_row":0,"oeis_offset":0,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":false,"rows_shown":10,"polytool_commit":"c48629374597092cc41ef4d6273f37991516f984","triangle_example":"Triangle begins:\n  0:    0;\n  1:    4;\n  2:   40,     32;\n  3:  140,    672,     192;\n  4:  336,   4032,    6912,     1024;\n  5:  660,  14784,   63360,    56320,      5120;\n  6: 1144,  41184,  329472,   732160,    399360,     24576;\n  7: 1820,  96096, 1235520,  5125120,   6988800,   2580480,    114688;\n  8: 2720, 198016, 3734016, 24893440,  63365120,  58490880,  15597568,   524288;\n  9: 3876, 372096, 9674496, 94595072, 386979840, 666796032, 444530688, 89653248, 2359296;\n","recurrence_sentence":"The row polynomials satisfy (2*n^2-5*n+3)*P(n,x) = (2*n^2+n+(24*n^2-52*n+16)*x)*P(n-1,x) + ((4*n-2)*x-(16*n-8)*x^2)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 0, P(1,x) = 4.","mathematica":"P[0, x_] := 0;\nP[1, x_] := 4;\nP[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((2*n^2 + n + (24*n^2 - 52*n + 16)*x)*P[n - 1, x] + ((4*n - 2)*x - (16*n - 8)*x^2)*D[P[n - 1, x], x])/(2*n^2 - 5*n + 3)]];\nTable[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten","pari":"P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 0; v[2] = 4; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = ((2*n^2 + n + (24*n^2 - 52*n + 16)*x)*v[i - 1] + ((4*n - 2)*x - (16*n - 8)*x^2)*deriv(v[i - 1], x))/(2*n^2 - 5*n + 3)); v};\nrow(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};\nT(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};\nT(9)","reading":{"first_row":0,"offset":0,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":false}}],"derivation":{"root":"n-9aec4822212db1dc","steps":["D"],"edges":["e-15c1c0caec983677"],"text":"A085841 \u2192 D"},"headline":"A085841 \u2192 D","chain":null}
