{"id":"n-d208ccf34f843ce5","revision":0,"first_index":0,"fingerprint":"f6-44883e8bcc0275dc","name":"theta_plus_one of basis_map_A013611 of Coefficients of raising factorial polynomials, T(n,k) = [x^k] p(x, n) where p(x, n) = (m*x + n - 1)*p(x, n - 1) with p[x, 0] = 1, p[x, -1] = 0, p[x, 1] = m*x and m = 2. Triangle read by rows, for n >= 0 and 0 <= k <= n.","polytool_family":null,"interpretation":null,"rows_observed":15,"degree_pattern":"affine","degree_slope":1,"degree_intercept":0,"palindromic":0,"gamma_positive":0,"nonnegative":1,"rr_by_factors":false,"rows":[["1"],["2","16"],["6","80","192"],["24","416","1728","2048"],["120","2464","13632","28672","20480"],["720","16704","111360","317440","409600","196608"],["5040","128448","979968","3409920","6041600","5308416","1835008"],["40320","1108224","9381120","37732352","82432000","100466688","64225280","16777216"],["362880","10619136","97728768","439656448","1119211520","1695547392","1515716608","738197504","150994944"],["3628800","111997440","1104717312","5439004672","15588679680","27699904512","30982275072","21239955456","8153726976","1342177280"],["39916800","1290032640","13495859712","71612702720","225865523200","454350274560","599337467904","516906024960","280850595840","87241523200","11811160064"],["479001600","16119060480","177430708224","1003308269568","3426513305600","7620512317440","11432652177408","11682529148928","8022361374720","3543348019200","909459324928","103079215104"],["6227020800","217211811840","2500027932672","14935601725440","54577755668480","131961187860480","219749259935744","256399984558080","209433460211712","117373403136000","43004433793024","9277129359360","893353197568"],["87178291200","3140597698560","37606932799488","235765388771328","913444596613120","2371403084464128","4308127392464896","5598735874654208","5239668303986688","3504858401341440","1634948020699136","505191233224704","92908732547072","7696581394432"],["1307674368000","48503818137600","601791164375040","3937621448097792","16059322836910080","44340114394447872","86755006341971968","123369631422349312","128983647431688192","99147705388892160","55366974242291712","21846505769926656","5771955009486848","915893185937408","65970697666560"]],"degrees":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14],"row_sums":["1","18","278","4216","65368","1052432","17708400","312163200","5768035200","111666067200","2262801081600","47937791923200","1060329036211200","24453582318950400","587211950826547200"],"nonn":true,"definitions":[{"position":0,"source":"derived:theta_plus_one","source_kind":"derived","equality_edge_id":null,"recurrence":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["1"],["2","16"]],"recurrence":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","-64"],["0","-16","0"],["-1","0","0"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":2,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1","16"],["2","0"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"}}],"properties":[{"id":187733,"position":0,"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region_key":"(-inf, 0]","provenance":"edges","claim_data":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"label":"Real-rooted","description":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-0dbdde53893caa52"]},{"id":187734,"position":1,"claim":"one_signed_coefficients","from_index":0,"region_key":null,"provenance":"derived_from_edges","claim_data":{"alternating":false,"claim":"one_signed_coefficients","from_index":0},"label":"Coefficients of one sign","description":"Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-0dbdde53893caa52"]},{"id":187735,"position":2,"claim":"hadamard_kernel","from_index":0,"region_key":null,"provenance":"derived_from_edges","claim_data":{"claim":"hadamard_kernel","from_index":0},"label":"Hadamard kernel (Malo)","description":"Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-0dbdde53893caa52"]},{"id":187736,"position":3,"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"region_key":null,"provenance":"edges","claim_data":{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"},"label":"Interlacing of consecutive rows","description":"Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-0dbdde53893caa52"]}],"region_exact":{},"incoming_edges":[{"id":"e-0dbdde53893caa52","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"euler_polynomial\",\"coefficients\":[{\"numerator\":[\"1\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]},{\"numerator\":[\"1\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]}]}"},"operation_detail":"euler_polynomial, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-d208ccf34f843ce5","premise_count":1,"theorem":"Laguerre's theorem on multiplier sequences: if f is a real polynomial whose roots are all real and <= 0, then (f(k))_(k >= 0) is a multiplier sequence, so x^k -> f(k) x^k maps every real-rooted polynomial to a real-rooted polynomial or zero (Laguerre; see T. Craven and G. Csordas, Multiplier sequences for fields, Illinois J. Math. 21 (1977); Polya--Schur, Theorem 40 of P. Branden, arXiv:1410.6601: sum_k f(k) x^k / k! = f(theta) e^x = C e^x x^m prod (1 + x/a_j), a_j > 0); f(k) has one sign for k >= 0, so coefficients of one sign stay of one sign; applied to f(n, .) for each n","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":["RealRooted.isMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos","RealRooted.isPFMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos","RealRooted.isMultiplierSequence_iff_preserves"],"certificate_hash":"abd5515cc05c5e3956d4a9371720e43f047c174d5e64403ecef3ea99d0e54574","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-07810086d0e6802d","role":"sequence","name":"basis_map_A013611 of Coefficients of raising factorial polynomials, T(n,k) = [x^k] p(x, n) where p(x, n) = (m*x + n - 1)*p(x, n - 1) with p[x, 0] = 1, p[x, -1] = 0, p[x, 1] = m*x and m = 2. Triangle read by rows, for n >= 0 and 0 <= k <= n.","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]}],"used_by":[],"used_by_total":0,"links":[],"oeis":[],"bfiles":[],"oeis_texts":[{"oeis_id":"","target":"node","first_row":0,"oeis_offset":0,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":false,"rows_shown":10,"polytool_commit":"c48629374597092cc41ef4d6273f37991516f984","triangle_example":"Triangle begins:\n  0:       1;\n  1:       2,        16;\n  2:       6,        80,        192;\n  3:      24,       416,       1728,       2048;\n  4:     120,      2464,      13632,      28672,       20480;\n  5:     720,     16704,     111360,     317440,      409600,      196608;\n  6:    5040,    128448,     979968,    3409920,     6041600,     5308416,     1835008;\n  7:   40320,   1108224,    9381120,   37732352,    82432000,   100466688,    64225280,    16777216;\n  8:  362880,  10619136,   97728768,  439656448,  1119211520,  1695547392,  1515716608,   738197504,  150994944;\n  9: 3628800, 111997440, 1104717312, 5439004672, 15588679680, 27699904512, 30982275072, 21239955456, 8153726976, 1342177280;\n","recurrence_sentence":"The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -(n^2+16*n*x+64*x^2)*P(n-2,x) + (2*n+1+16*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 1, P(1,x) = 2 + 16*x.","mathematica":"P[0, x_] := 1;\nP[1, x_] := 2 + 16*x;\nP[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-(n^2 + 16*n*x + 64*x^2)*P[n - 2, x] + (2*n + 1 + 16*x)*P[n - 1, x]];\nTable[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten","pari":"P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; v[2] = 2 + 16*x; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = -(n^2 + 16*n*x + 64*x^2)*v[i - 2] + (2*n + 1 + 16*x)*v[i - 1]); v};\nrow(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};\nT(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};\nT(9)","reading":{"first_row":0,"offset":0,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":false}}],"derivation":{"root":"n-60c7e36cbe887b7e","steps":["basis A013611","\u03b8+1"],"edges":["e-40669049634a7e59","e-0dbdde53893caa52"],"text":"A137320 \u2192 basis A013611 \u2192 \u03b8+1"},"headline":"A137320 \u2192 basis A013611 \u2192 \u03b8+1","chain":null}
