{"id":"n-bcaca161d8d1b399","revision":0,"first_index":0,"fingerprint":"f6-1251e6617cbea0ee","name":"theta_plus_one of Triangle of coefficients of Chebyshev's S(n,x+5) polynomials (exponents of x in increasing order).","polytool_family":null,"interpretation":null,"rows_observed":15,"degree_pattern":"affine","degree_slope":1,"degree_intercept":0,"palindromic":0,"gamma_positive":0,"nonnegative":1,"rr_by_factors":false,"rows":[["1"],["5","2"],["24","20","3"],["115","146","45","4"],["551","940","441","80","5"],["2640","5656","3570","984","125","6"],["12649","32620","25893","9600","1850","180","7"],["60605","182742","174825","81540","21125","3114","245","8"],["290376","1002300","1122345","631200","205700","40740","4851","320","9"],["1391275","5409510","6940350","4570920","1796375","447426","71540","7136","405","10"],["6665999","28827800","41693670","31477200","14489825","4352040","874846","117120","10044","500","11"],["31938720","152061488","244769700","208406640","109999250","38700564","9380070","1578288","181575","13650","605","12"],["153027601","795357080","1410247062","1336915600","796014725","321149880","91176162","18494400","2673405","269500","18029","720","13"],["733199285","4130779114","7999501230","8356500776","5541218875","2522266506","821175600","195095040","33991650","4304300","385990","23256","845","14"],["3512968824","21324937060","44783427759","51111589920","37355705620","18939645300","6957346095","1895467200","386766765","59020500","6646651","536640","29406","980","15"]],"degrees":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14],"row_sums":["1","7","47","310","2017","12981","82799","524204","3297841","20634947","128509055","797030562","4925344177","30338442481","186334088735"],"nonn":true,"definitions":[{"position":0,"source":"derived:theta_plus_one","source_kind":"derived","equality_edge_id":null,"recurrence":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["1"]],"recurrence":{"denominator":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0"],["-84","-10","0"],["0","0","0"],["0","0","2"]]},"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-210","-88","-10","0"],["-210","-109","-10","1"],["0","-21","5","2"],["0","0","5","1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-441","-315","-71","-5","0"],["0","0","21","10","1"],["0","0","21","10","1"]]},"deriv_order":1,"offset":1,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"}}],"properties":[{"id":180311,"position":0,"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region_key":"(-inf, 0]","provenance":"edges","claim_data":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"label":"Real-rooted","description":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-3c8f70bbb2140b4c"]},{"id":180312,"position":1,"claim":"one_signed_coefficients","from_index":0,"region_key":null,"provenance":"derived_from_edges","claim_data":{"alternating":false,"claim":"one_signed_coefficients","from_index":0},"label":"Coefficients of one sign","description":"Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-3c8f70bbb2140b4c"]},{"id":180313,"position":2,"claim":"hadamard_kernel","from_index":0,"region_key":null,"provenance":"derived_from_edges","claim_data":{"claim":"hadamard_kernel","from_index":0},"label":"Hadamard kernel (Malo)","description":"Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-3c8f70bbb2140b4c"]},{"id":180314,"position":3,"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"region_key":null,"provenance":"edges","claim_data":{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"},"label":"Interlacing of consecutive rows","description":"Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-3c8f70bbb2140b4c"]}],"region_exact":{},"incoming_edges":[{"id":"e-3c8f70bbb2140b4c","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"euler_polynomial\",\"coefficients\":[{\"numerator\":[\"1\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]},{\"numerator\":[\"1\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]}]}"},"operation_detail":"euler_polynomial, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-bcaca161d8d1b399","premise_count":1,"theorem":"Laguerre's theorem on multiplier sequences: if f is a real polynomial whose roots are all real and <= 0, then (f(k))_(k >= 0) is a multiplier sequence, so x^k -> f(k) x^k maps every real-rooted polynomial to a real-rooted polynomial or zero (Laguerre; see T. Craven and G. Csordas, Multiplier sequences for fields, Illinois J. Math. 21 (1977); Polya--Schur, Theorem 40 of P. Branden, arXiv:1410.6601: sum_k f(k) x^k / k! = f(theta) e^x = C e^x x^m prod (1 + x/a_j), a_j > 0); f(k) has one sign for k >= 0, so coefficients of one sign stay of one sign; applied to f(n, .) for each n","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":["RealRooted.isMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos","RealRooted.isPFMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos","RealRooted.isMultiplierSequence_iff_preserves"],"certificate_hash":"a1ffb859a163f860a09ce3dce91d2936fe9018b0f5a7c86c2e6a149a7084d24c","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-c2b7c74f8491f01b","role":"sequence","name":"Triangle of coefficients of Chebyshev's S(n,x+5) polynomials (exponents of x in increasing order).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]}],"used_by":[],"used_by_total":0,"links":[],"oeis":[],"bfiles":[],"oeis_texts":[{"oeis_id":"","target":"node","first_row":0,"oeis_offset":0,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":false,"rows_shown":10,"polytool_commit":"c48629374597092cc41ef4d6273f37991516f984","triangle_example":"Triangle begins:\n  0:       1;\n  1:       5,       2;\n  2:      24,      20,       3;\n  3:     115,     146,      45,       4;\n  4:     551,     940,     441,      80,       5;\n  5:    2640,    5656,    3570,     984,     125,      6;\n  6:   12649,   32620,   25893,    9600,    1850,    180,     7;\n  7:   60605,  182742,  174825,   81540,   21125,   3114,   245,    8;\n  8:  290376, 1002300, 1122345,  631200,  205700,  40740,  4851,  320,   9;\n  9: 1391275, 5409510, 6940350, 4570920, 1796375, 447426, 71540, 7136, 405, 10;\n","recurrence_sentence":"The row polynomials satisfy -(84*n+10*n*x-2*n^3*x^2)*P(n,x) = -(210*n+210+(21*n^2+109*n+88)*x-(5*n^3+5*n^2-10*n-10)*x^2-(n^3+2*n^2+n)*x^3)*P(n-1,x) - (441+315*x-(21*n^2+21*n-71)*x^2-(10*n^2+10*n-5)*x^3-(n^2+n)*x^4)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.","mathematica":"P[0, x_] := 1;\nP[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[(-(210*n + 210 + (21*n^2 + 109*n + 88)*x - (5*n^3 + 5*n^2 - 10*n - 10)*x^2 - (n^3 + 2*n^2 + n)*x^3)*P[n - 1, x] - (441 + 315*x - (21*n^2 + 21*n - 71)*x^2 - (10*n^2 + 10*n - 5)*x^3 - (n^2 + n)*x^4)*D[P[n - 1, x], x])/(-84*n - 10*n*x + 2*n^3*x^2)]];\nTable[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten","pari":"P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (-(210*n + 210 + (21*n^2 + 109*n + 88)*x - (5*n^3 + 5*n^2 - 10*n - 10)*x^2 - (n^3 + 2*n^2 + n)*x^3)*v[i - 1] - (441 + 315*x - (21*n^2 + 21*n - 71)*x^2 - (10*n^2 + 10*n - 5)*x^3 - (n^2 + n)*x^4)*deriv(v[i - 1], x))/(-84*n - 10*n*x + 2*n^3*x^2)); v};\nrow(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};\nT(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};\nT(9)","reading":{"first_row":0,"offset":0,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":false}}],"derivation":{"root":"n-c2b7c74f8491f01b","steps":["\u03b8+1"],"edges":["e-3c8f70bbb2140b4c"],"text":"A207824 \u2192 \u03b8+1"},"headline":"A207824 \u2192 \u03b8+1","chain":null}
