{"id":"n-b735fdfa32518a71","revision":0,"first_index":0,"fingerprint":"f6-ce310f501e394a7d","name":"theta_plus_one of basis_map_A013609 of The truncated (4,4,1)-Pascal triangle, given by 4*C(n-2, k) + 4*C(n-2, k-1) + C(n-2, k-2) for n>=2.","polytool_family":null,"interpretation":null,"rows_observed":15,"degree_pattern":"affine","degree_slope":1,"degree_intercept":2,"palindromic":0,"gamma_positive":0,"nonnegative":1,"rr_by_factors":false,"rows":[["9","24","12"],["18","84","96","32"],["36","240","444","320","80"],["72","624","1608","1824","960","192"],["144","1536","5088","7936","6480","2688","448"],["288","3648","14784","29440","32800","20928","7168","1024"],["576","8448","40512","98304","139200","120576","63168","18432","2304"],["1152","19200","106368","304640","524160","575232","407680","181248","46080","5120"],["2304","43008","270336","892928","1809920","2408448","2157568","1294336","499968","112640","11264"],["4608","95232","669696","2506752","5852160","9160704","9934848","7520256","3912192","1336320","270336","24576"],["9216","208896","1625088","6799360","17971200","32366592","41244672","37748736","24744960","11366400","3480576","638976","53248"],["18432","454656","3876864","17932288","52940800","107864064","158011392","169771008","134424576","77721600","31967232","8871936","1490944","114688"],["36864","983040","9117696","46202880","150712320","342786048","567705600","700710912","650833920","454164480","234921984","87490560","22204416","3440640","245760"],["73728","2113536","21184512","116719616","416931840","1047281664","1935245312","2699034624","2878267392","2354626560","1469005824","687538176","233971712","54706176","7864320","524288"],["147456","4521984","48709632","289931264","1125662720","3095199744","6314147840","9821487104","11829362688","11105402880","8118190080","4580179968","1957609472","613351424","132956160","17825792","1114112"]],"degrees":[2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16],"row_sums":["45","230","1120","5280","24320","110080","491520","2170880","9502720","41287680","178257920","765460480","3271557120","13925089280","59055800320"],"nonn":true,"definitions":[{"position":0,"source":"derived:theta_plus_one","source_kind":"derived","equality_edge_id":null,"recurrence":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["9","24","12"]],"recurrence":{"denominator":{"coeffs":[["3","6","4"],["0","3","2"]]},"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["6","24","30","12"],["0","6","10","4"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"}}],"properties":[{"id":179273,"position":0,"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region_key":"(-inf, 0]","provenance":"edges","claim_data":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"label":"Real-rooted","description":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-efaa5d33ec0900d9"]},{"id":179274,"position":1,"claim":"one_signed_coefficients","from_index":0,"region_key":null,"provenance":"derived_from_edges","claim_data":{"alternating":false,"claim":"one_signed_coefficients","from_index":0},"label":"Coefficients of one sign","description":"Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-efaa5d33ec0900d9"]},{"id":179275,"position":2,"claim":"hadamard_kernel","from_index":0,"region_key":null,"provenance":"derived_from_edges","claim_data":{"claim":"hadamard_kernel","from_index":0},"label":"Hadamard kernel (Malo)","description":"Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-efaa5d33ec0900d9"]},{"id":179276,"position":3,"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"region_key":null,"provenance":"edges","claim_data":{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"},"label":"Interlacing of consecutive rows","description":"Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-efaa5d33ec0900d9"]}],"region_exact":{},"incoming_edges":[{"id":"e-efaa5d33ec0900d9","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"euler_polynomial\",\"coefficients\":[{\"numerator\":[\"1\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]},{\"numerator\":[\"1\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]}]}"},"operation_detail":"euler_polynomial, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-b735fdfa32518a71","premise_count":1,"theorem":"Laguerre's theorem on multiplier sequences: if f is a real polynomial whose roots are all real and <= 0, then (f(k))_(k >= 0) is a multiplier sequence, so x^k -> f(k) x^k maps every real-rooted polynomial to a real-rooted polynomial or zero (Laguerre; see T. Craven and G. Csordas, Multiplier sequences for fields, Illinois J. Math. 21 (1977); Polya--Schur, Theorem 40 of P. Branden, arXiv:1410.6601: sum_k f(k) x^k / k! = f(theta) e^x = C e^x x^m prod (1 + x/a_j), a_j > 0); f(k) has one sign for k >= 0, so coefficients of one sign stay of one sign; applied to f(n, .) for each n","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":["RealRooted.isMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos","RealRooted.isPFMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos","RealRooted.isMultiplierSequence_iff_preserves"],"certificate_hash":"19fbf5002642a75bf23e8118da68c8671b09a0623a432973f7beee225ae2cf1f","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-2fe6a26f73f75da6","role":"sequence","name":"basis_map_A013609 of The truncated (4,4,1)-Pascal triangle, given by 4*C(n-2, k) + 4*C(n-2, k-1) + C(n-2, k-2) for n>=2.","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]}],"used_by":[],"used_by_total":0,"links":[],"oeis":[],"bfiles":[],"oeis_texts":[{"oeis_id":"","target":"node","first_row":0,"oeis_offset":0,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":false,"rows_shown":10,"polytool_commit":"c48629374597092cc41ef4d6273f37991516f984","triangle_example":"Triangle begins:\n  0:    9,    24,     12;\n  1:   18,    84,     96,      32;\n  2:   36,   240,    444,     320,      80;\n  3:   72,   624,   1608,    1824,     960,     192;\n  4:  144,  1536,   5088,    7936,    6480,    2688,     448;\n  5:  288,  3648,  14784,   29440,   32800,   20928,    7168,    1024;\n  6:  576,  8448,  40512,   98304,  139200,  120576,   63168,   18432,    2304;\n  7: 1152, 19200, 106368,  304640,  524160,  575232,  407680,  181248,   46080,    5120;\n  8: 2304, 43008, 270336,  892928, 1809920, 2408448, 2157568, 1294336,  499968,  112640,  11264;\n  9: 4608, 95232, 669696, 2506752, 5852160, 9160704, 9934848, 7520256, 3912192, 1336320, 270336, 24576;\n","recurrence_sentence":"The row polynomials satisfy (3+(3*n+6)*x+(2*n+4)*x^2)*P(n,x) = (6+(6*n+24)*x+(10*n+30)*x^2+(4*n+12)*x^3)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 9 + 24*x + 12*x^2.","mathematica":"P[0, x_] := 9 + 24*x + 12*x^2;\nP[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((6 + (6*n + 24)*x + (10*n + 30)*x^2 + (4*n + 12)*x^3)*P[n - 1, x])/(3 + (3*n + 6)*x + (2*n + 4)*x^2)]];\nTable[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten","pari":"P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 9 + 24*x + 12*x^2; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = ((6 + (6*n + 24)*x + (10*n + 30)*x^2 + (4*n + 12)*x^3)*v[i - 1])/(3 + (3*n + 6)*x + (2*n + 4)*x^2)); v};\nrow(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};\nT(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};\nT(9)","reading":{"first_row":0,"offset":0,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":false}}],"derivation":{"root":"n-f48bed27dbc29c5f","steps":["basis A013609","\u03b8+1"],"edges":["e-8866dbf598c953fc","e-efaa5d33ec0900d9"],"text":"A391533 \u2192 basis A013609 \u2192 \u03b8+1"},"headline":"A391533 \u2192 basis A013609 \u2192 \u03b8+1","chain":null}
