{"id":"n-789f42810b77fd52","revision":0,"first_index":0,"fingerprint":"f6-3764fa9cd037f7ff","name":"derivative of Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = value of (d^2n/dx^2n) (tan^(2k)(x)/cos(x)) at the point x = 0.","polytool_family":null,"interpretation":null,"rows_observed":15,"degree_pattern":"affine","degree_slope":1,"degree_intercept":-1,"palindromic":0,"gamma_positive":0,"nonnegative":1,"rr_by_factors":false,"rows":[[],["2"],["28","48"],["662","2640","2160"],["24568","167328","302400","161280"],["1326122","13498080","40007520","45964800","18144000"],["98329108","1385398608","5938574400","10958492160","9180864000","2874009600"],["9596075582","177932729520","1027378432080","2693417126400","3577942368000","2353813862400","610248038400"],["1192744081648","28073116365888","208457658864000","724868256752640","1352654214912000","1398688504012800","756707567616000","167382319104000"],["183983154281042","5348776806240960","49426658023515840","218061839231308800","534339995821632000","770096309946163200","650712365330227200","298777439600640000","57621363351552000"],["34489251602450188","1212248605228941168","13600558135994659200","73781970186786462720","227331690084180864000","427190729342811033600","500210284598728704000","356987821333118976000","142324767478333440000","24329020081766400000"],["7722592644581974502","322541097572738576400","4309441376639879818800","28081775703965993856000","105531755382326661696000","247752842391035780198400","376262803826476645478400","370471234584879267840000","228706048084548722688000","80553385490728550400000","12364008005553684480000"],["2035778987564783402728","99598354756749845396448","1560251445971734762488000","11991915487391699777702400","53734530369204302365440000","152959867117885099109376000","288811786541467911321600000","367318379834447190589440000","311747623281589727232000000","169503056417955830169600000","53461970616014131691520000","7445380820798873272320000"],["624086284447168370787962","35337420160162993712679840","640763749342102588517820960","5724212706887062433677632000","30050007086893077949785120000","101442626718848991682089984000","231205100350556170067733504000","364200817708025894640844800000","397966519500838302432337920000","296632872380675784425472000000","144065792200951698171494400000","41135729034913774829568000000","5242788994645873262592000000"],["220145816803809737344107268","14279087284235466553475203728","296472036290542676955545918400","3041455046039135991877115911680","18443714434801553835721143360000","72579458940250360474306554624000","195359170039571854706923653120000","370152595051254680345148948480000","499431639708253269669773721600000","478006186630235331183058944000000","317502152135089873956510105600000","139303484653092062863137177600000","36332527732895901709762560000000","4268436824563994047021056000000"]],"degrees":[-1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13],"row_sums":["0","2","76","5462","655576","118940522","30435667876","10450328632382","4638024381708976","2584568731265561042","1767003579098551930876","1454363558536372507006502","1418636396066470814920285576","1618343191939023342646196648762","2134731792465439600736487345525076"],"nonn":true,"definitions":[{"position":0,"source":"derived:derivative","source_kind":"derived","equality_edge_id":null,"recurrence":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["0"],["2"]],"recurrence":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-9","-24","-24"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":2,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-6","-32","-62","-36"]]},"deriv_order":1,"offset":2,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","-4","-16","-20","-8"]]},"deriv_order":2,"offset":2,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["14","24"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["6","28","22"]]},"deriv_order":1,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","4","8","4"]]},"deriv_order":2,"offset":1,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"}}],"properties":[{"id":194343,"position":0,"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region_key":"(-inf, 0]","provenance":"edges","claim_data":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"label":"Real-rooted","description":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-4059c9cd4da3a5f0"]},{"id":194344,"position":1,"claim":"one_signed_coefficients","from_index":0,"region_key":null,"provenance":"derived_from_edges","claim_data":{"alternating":false,"claim":"one_signed_coefficients","from_index":0},"label":"Coefficients of one sign","description":"Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-4059c9cd4da3a5f0"]},{"id":194345,"position":2,"claim":"hadamard_kernel","from_index":0,"region_key":null,"provenance":"derived_from_edges","claim_data":{"claim":"hadamard_kernel","from_index":0},"label":"Hadamard kernel (Malo)","description":"Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-4059c9cd4da3a5f0"]}],"region_exact":{},"incoming_edges":[{"id":"e-4059c9cd4da3a5f0","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"derivative_polynomial\",\"coefficients\":[{\"numerator\":[\"0\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]},{\"numerator\":[\"1\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]}]}"},"operation_detail":"derivative_polynomial, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-789f42810b77fd52","premise_count":1,"theorem":"Laguerre's theorem on differential operators: if phi is a real polynomial with only real roots, then phi(D) maps every real-rooted polynomial to a real-rooted polynomial or zero (write phi(D) = C D^j prod (1 + c_i D); D preserves real-rootedness by Rolle's theorem and p + c p' is real-rooted for every real c by Rolle's theorem applied to e^(x/c) p; Polya--Schur 1914); when the coefficients of phi have one sign, coefficients of one sign stay of one sign; applied to phi(n, .) for each n","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":["RealRooted.splits_add_C_mul_derivative_all","RealRooted.splits_C_mul_add_derivative","Polynomial.Splits.derivative"],"certificate_hash":"c9c98978760d1af8751c452f60d03dbf017cffa1a27b62ab084a61377e7e1445","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-3338feb205e3b77f","role":"sequence","name":"Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = value of (d^2n/dx^2n) (tan^(2k)(x)/cos(x)) at the point x = 0.","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]}],"used_by":[],"used_by_total":0,"links":[],"oeis":[],"bfiles":[],"oeis_texts":[{"oeis_id":"","target":"node","first_row":0,"oeis_offset":0,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":false,"rows_shown":10,"polytool_commit":"c48629374597092cc41ef4d6273f37991516f984","triangle_example":"Triangle begins:\n  0:               0;\n  1:               2;\n  2:              28,               48;\n  3:             662,             2640,              2160;\n  4:           24568,           167328,            302400,             161280;\n  5:         1326122,         13498080,          40007520,           45964800,           18144000;\n  6:        98329108,       1385398608,        5938574400,        10958492160,         9180864000,         2874009600;\n  7:      9596075582,     177932729520,     1027378432080,      2693417126400,      3577942368000,      2353813862400,       610248038400;\n  8:   1192744081648,   28073116365888,   208457658864000,    724868256752640,   1352654214912000,   1398688504012800,    756707567616000,    167382319104000;\n  9: 183983154281042, 5348776806240960, 49426658023515840, 218061839231308800, 534339995821632000, 770096309946163200, 650712365330227200, 298777439600640000, 57621363351552000;\n","recurrence_sentence":"The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -(9+24*x+24*x^2)*P(n-2,x) - (6+32*x+62*x^2+36*x^3)*d/dx P(n-2,x) - (4*x+16*x^2+20*x^3+8*x^4)*d^2/dx^2 P(n-2,x) + (14+24*x)*P(n-1,x) + (6+28*x+22*x^2)*d/dx P(n-1,x) + (4*x+8*x^2+4*x^3)*d^2/dx^2 P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 0, P(1,x) = 2.","mathematica":"P[0, x_] := 0;\nP[1, x_] := 2;\nP[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-(9 + 24*x + 24*x^2)*P[n - 2, x] - (6 + 32*x + 62*x^2 + 36*x^3)*D[P[n - 2, x], x] - (4*x + 16*x^2 + 20*x^3 + 8*x^4)*D[P[n - 2, x], {x, 2}] + (14 + 24*x)*P[n - 1, x] + (6 + 28*x + 22*x^2)*D[P[n - 1, x], x] + (4*x + 8*x^2 + 4*x^3)*D[P[n - 1, x], {x, 2}]];\nTable[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten","pari":"P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 0; v[2] = 2; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = -(9 + 24*x + 24*x^2)*v[i - 2] - (6 + 32*x + 62*x^2 + 36*x^3)*deriv(v[i - 2], x) - (4*x + 16*x^2 + 20*x^3 + 8*x^4)*deriv(deriv(v[i - 2], x), x) + (14 + 24*x)*v[i - 1] + (6 + 28*x + 22*x^2)*deriv(v[i - 1], x) + (4*x + 8*x^2 + 4*x^3)*deriv(deriv(v[i - 1], x), x)); v};\nrow(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};\nT(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};\nT(9)","reading":{"first_row":0,"offset":0,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":false}}],"derivation":{"root":"n-3338feb205e3b77f","steps":["D"],"edges":["e-4059c9cd4da3a5f0"],"text":"A151775 \u2192 D"},"headline":"A151775 \u2192 D","chain":null}
