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A weak ascent in a Schroeder path is a maximal sequence of consecutive U and H steps.","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"},"chains":[{"edge":{"id":"e-784ea0037cdd0731","operation":{"operation":"theorem_check","theorem":"liu_wang"},"operation_detail":"liu_wang","conclusion_id":"n-6a30765140629bd5","premise_count":0,"theorem":"L. L. Liu and Y. Wang, A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros, Adv. in Appl. 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Branden, Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond, arXiv:1410.6601: a sequence is a multiplier sequence when G(x) = sum_k lambda_k x^k / k! or G(-x) can be written C x^m e^(a x) prod_k (1 + alpha_k x) with a >= 0, alpha_k >= 0); k -> phi(k) for a polynomial phi with only real roots, all <= 0 (Laguerre's theorem, RealRooted isPFMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos); k -> 1/(alpha)_k for alpha > 0 (RealRooted isPFMultiplierSequence_inv_ascPochhammer, via the generalized Laguerre polynomials); products of PF multiplier sequences are PF multiplier sequences (RealRooted IsPFMultiplierSequence.mul) and map real-rooted polynomials with nonnegative coefficients to such polynomials (IsPFMultiplierSequence.diagonalOperator_isPF)","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":["RealRooted.isPFMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos","RealRooted.isPFMultiplierSequence_inv_ascPochhammer","RealRooted.IsPFMultiplierSequence.mul","RealRooted.IsPFMultiplierSequence.diagonalOperator_isPF"],"certificate_hash":"681a0989e8d73e2b8977833a3d1f72349f2f01f31ed6188a3f94bf7506ce837d","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region":{"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"0"}}}],"premises":[]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-be065401c78377c7","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"reversal\",\"schedule\":{\"first_index\":1,\"first_degree\":0,\"step\":1}}"},"operation_detail":"reversal, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-6a30765140629bd5","premise_count":1,"theorem":"a real affine substitution x -> a x + b (a != 0), the reversal x^d p(1/x) (d >= deg p) and a real Mobius map (c x + e)^d p((a x + b)/(c x + e)) (a e - b c != 0, d >= deg p) map real roots to real roots: a root r of p gives the root (r - b)/a, 1/r (and 0) or (e r - b)/(a - c r) (and -e/c); for an input row that is a polynomial the degree condition holds automatically","lean_route":"reversed","lean_declarations":["RealRooted.X_pow_mul_reverse_eq_zero_or_splits","RealRooted.reflect_eq_zero_or_splits"],"certificate_hash":"18701cdbecb802b1502eb72817d7fd3b6553dbcd7a63a609ee5694453332a598","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-435b4d5bded8f11f","role":"sequence","name":"reversal of Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of Schroeder paths of length 2n and having k weak ascents (1<=k<=n). A Schroeder path of length 2n is a lattice path from (0,0) to (2n,0) consisting of U=(1,1), D=(1,-1) and H=(2,0) steps and never going below the x-axis. A weak ascent in a Schroeder path is a maximal sequence of consecutive U and H steps.","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]}]}]}]}]}],"truncated":false,"expanded":8}