{"id":"n-75904bb0bb525186","revision":0,"first_index":1,"fingerprint":"f6-cb98ad15abc25bd9","name":"one_plus_derivative of Triangle T(n, k) read by rows: row n gives the coefficients of the numerator polynomials of the o.g.f. of the (n+1)-th diagonal of the Sheffer triangle A282629 (S2[3,1] generalized Stirling2), for n >= 0.","polytool_family":null,"interpretation":null,"rows_observed":15,"degree_pattern":"affine","degree_slope":1,"degree_intercept":-1,"palindromic":0,"gamma_positive":0,"nonnegative":1,"rr_by_factors":false,"rows":[["1"],["7","6"],["49","228","90"],["235","4662","8694","2160"],["997","55860","371196","399708","71280"],["4063","525558","8636148","29874312","21739428","2993760"],["16345","4373604","146947662","1170865800","2551341564","1370228400","152681760"],["65491","33998550","2092102290","32078842560","153632231820","234575876232","98362803600","9160905600"],["262093","253904052","26680731840","707403008340","6273660789540","20342762406576","23291048663784","7928804037600","632102486400"],["1048519","1850452182","316684918512","13541266947960","200486987121960","1171238676374808","2772692349214104","2494472439737664","709401128349600","49303993939200"],["4194241","13283448612","3580357618386","235222336117440","5429497748474520","51674736907265472","215813813133273264","392845626889816752","287361806607076320","69778844115494400","4289447472710400"],["16777147","94456318710","39130771784526","3813060323037168","130766678354105640","1896145077030788304","12666548529261567360","39997232895684444192","58136839494796543536","35486961877943225280","7485488188617196800","411786957380198400"],["67108789","667686986676","417517962172740","58763201800078476","2889729578077069896","60877488506314239648","609138951907895397072","3032286511482392313600","7539846154605962134992","9005375798369513900352","4681475374206136703040","869817131797568371200","43237630524920832000"],["268435375","4702195924278","4378484168716140","872040416057117928","59848934760536441148","1768338880551010753776","25291968172849132228656","186101825876667608509440","720874582977125090948976","1455563125825623910490976","1460941462288285051162752","657508260147188960666880","108846725323672505433600","4929089879840974848000"],["1073741737","33038583306852","45343592658304470","12575493019700789112","1179239060119536930852","47560781328046742049552","939012252897837293479584","9753268131876142642785120","55246428646409798685106704","172046539087524878370767424","288961152970527162135572256","248160162491902877117402880","98002673388301080151975680","14594505877197455560243200","606278055220439906304000"]],"degrees":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14],"row_sums":["1","13","367","15751","899041","63773269","5396455135","529936826143","59202716290225","7411455378104509","1027432588855489807","156215621984635987063","25845003952366297308481","4621886104730167471677925","888358773543115490158759423"],"nonn":true,"definitions":[{"position":0,"source":"derived:one_plus_derivative","source_kind":"derived","equality_edge_id":null,"recurrence":{"first_index":1,"initial_polynomials":[["1"],["7","6"]],"recurrence":{"denominator":{"coeffs":[["-17","6"],["6","0"]]},"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["44","-1311","32481","-22086","2592"],["-24","1098","-38934","16038","-972"],["0","-216","15228","-2916","0"],["0","0","-1944","0","0"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":2,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","33","-1800","6318","-3807","486"],["0","-18","1566","-5022","1458","0"],["0","0","-324","972","0","0"]]},"deriv_order":1,"offset":2,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-79","1407","-693","54"],["30","-1098","270","0"],["0","216","0","0"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","-51","171","-54"],["0","18","-54","0"]]},"deriv_order":1,"offset":1,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"}}],"properties":[{"id":193334,"position":0,"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region_key":"(-inf, 0]","provenance":"edges","claim_data":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"label":"Real-rooted","description":"Every row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-8cc3ed34bc601b5e"]},{"id":193335,"position":1,"claim":"one_signed_coefficients","from_index":1,"region_key":null,"provenance":"derived_from_edges","claim_data":{"alternating":false,"claim":"one_signed_coefficients","from_index":1},"label":"Coefficients of one sign","description":"Every nonzero row, n >= 1: the coefficients of P_n have one sign","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-8cc3ed34bc601b5e"]},{"id":193336,"position":2,"claim":"hadamard_kernel","from_index":1,"region_key":null,"provenance":"derived_from_edges","claim_data":{"claim":"hadamard_kernel","from_index":1},"label":"Hadamard kernel (Malo)","description":"Rows P_n, n >= 1, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-8cc3ed34bc601b5e"]},{"id":193337,"position":3,"claim":"interlacing","from_index":2,"region_key":null,"provenance":"edges","claim_data":{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":2,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"},"label":"Interlacing of consecutive rows","description":"Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 2","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-8cc3ed34bc601b5e"]}],"region_exact":{},"incoming_edges":[{"id":"e-8cc3ed34bc601b5e","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"derivative_polynomial\",\"coefficients\":[{\"numerator\":[\"1\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]},{\"numerator\":[\"1\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]}]}"},"operation_detail":"derivative_polynomial, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-75904bb0bb525186","premise_count":1,"theorem":"Laguerre's theorem on differential operators: if phi is a real polynomial with only real roots, then phi(D) maps every real-rooted polynomial to a real-rooted polynomial or zero (write phi(D) = C D^j prod (1 + c_i D); D preserves real-rootedness by Rolle's theorem and p + c p' is real-rooted for every real c by Rolle's theorem applied to e^(x/c) p; Polya--Schur 1914); when the coefficients of phi have one sign, coefficients of one sign stay of one sign; applied to phi(n, .) for each n","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":["RealRooted.splits_add_C_mul_derivative_all","RealRooted.splits_C_mul_add_derivative","Polynomial.Splits.derivative"],"certificate_hash":"ea952951998a1f87666ae2caa91ef1ac0623b729c59244555a1964750ce80dce","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":2,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-7fdf5321df1ab451","role":"sequence","name":"Triangle T(n, k) read by rows: row n gives the coefficients of the numerator polynomials of the o.g.f. of the (n+1)-th diagonal of the Sheffer triangle A282629 (S2[3,1] generalized Stirling2), for n >= 0.","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]}],"used_by":[],"used_by_total":0,"links":[],"oeis":[],"bfiles":[],"oeis_texts":[{"oeis_id":"","target":"node","first_row":1,"oeis_offset":1,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":false,"rows_shown":10,"polytool_commit":"c48629374597092cc41ef4d6273f37991516f984","triangle_example":"Triangle begins:\n   1:       1;\n   2:       7,          6;\n   3:      49,        228,           90;\n   4:     235,       4662,         8694,           2160;\n   5:     997,      55860,       371196,         399708,           71280;\n   6:    4063,     525558,      8636148,       29874312,        21739428,          2993760;\n   7:   16345,    4373604,    146947662,     1170865800,      2551341564,       1370228400,        152681760;\n   8:   65491,   33998550,   2092102290,    32078842560,    153632231820,     234575876232,      98362803600,       9160905600;\n   9:  262093,  253904052,  26680731840,   707403008340,   6273660789540,   20342762406576,   23291048663784,    7928804037600,    632102486400;\n  10: 1048519, 1850452182, 316684918512, 13541266947960, 200486987121960, 1171238676374808, 2772692349214104, 2494472439737664, 709401128349600, 49303993939200;\n","recurrence_sentence":"The row polynomials satisfy (6*n-17+6*x)*P(n,x) = -(24*n-44+(216*n^2-1098*n+1311)*x+(1944*n^3-15228*n^2+38934*n-32481)*x^2+(2916*n^2-16038*n+22086)*x^3+(972*n-2592)*x^4)*P(n-2,x) - ((18*n-33)*x+(324*n^2-1566*n+1800)*x^2-(972*n^2-5022*n+6318)*x^3-(1458*n-3807)*x^4-486*x^5)*d/dx P(n-2,x) + (30*n-79+(216*n^2-1098*n+1407)*x+(270*n-693)*x^2+54*x^3)*P(n-1,x) + ((18*n-51)*x-(54*n-171)*x^2-54*x^3)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 3, with P(1,x) = 1, P(2,x) = 7 + 6*x.","mathematica":"P[1, x_] := 1;\nP[2, x_] := 7 + 6*x;\nP[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[(-(24*n - 44 + (216*n^2 - 1098*n + 1311)*x + (1944*n^3 - 15228*n^2 + 38934*n - 32481)*x^2 + (2916*n^2 - 16038*n + 22086)*x^3 + (972*n - 2592)*x^4)*P[n - 2, x] - ((18*n - 33)*x + (324*n^2 - 1566*n + 1800)*x^2 - (972*n^2 - 5022*n + 6318)*x^3 - (1458*n - 3807)*x^4 - 486*x^5)*D[P[n - 2, x], x] + (30*n - 79 + (216*n^2 - 1098*n + 1407)*x + (270*n - 693)*x^2 + 54*x^3)*P[n - 1, x] + ((18*n - 51)*x - (54*n - 171)*x^2 - 54*x^3)*D[P[n - 1, x], x])/(6*n - 17 + 6*x)]];\nTable[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 1, 10}] // Flatten","pari":"P(N) = {my(v = vector(N)); v[1] = 1; v[2] = 7 + 6*x; for(n = 3, N, my(i = n); v[i] = (-(24*n - 44 + (216*n^2 - 1098*n + 1311)*x + (1944*n^3 - 15228*n^2 + 38934*n - 32481)*x^2 + (2916*n^2 - 16038*n + 22086)*x^3 + (972*n - 2592)*x^4)*v[i - 2] - ((18*n - 33)*x + (324*n^2 - 1566*n + 1800)*x^2 - (972*n^2 - 5022*n + 6318)*x^3 - (1458*n - 3807)*x^4 - 486*x^5)*deriv(v[i - 2], x) + (30*n - 79 + (216*n^2 - 1098*n + 1407)*x + (270*n - 693)*x^2 + 54*x^3)*v[i - 1] + ((18*n - 51)*x - (54*n - 171)*x^2 - 54*x^3)*deriv(v[i - 1], x))/(6*n - 17 + 6*x)); v};\nrow(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};\nT(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i, v[i])))};\nT(10)","reading":{"first_row":1,"offset":1,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":false}}],"derivation":{"root":"n-7fdf5321df1ab451","steps":["D+1"],"edges":["e-8cc3ed34bc601b5e"],"text":"A290316 \u2192 D+1"},"headline":"A290316 \u2192 D+1","chain":null}
