{"id":"n-66c5ba5b8b26ed07","revision":0,"first_index":0,"fingerprint":"f6-dbeaff73e6946047","name":"theta_plus_one_squared of basis_map_A013609 of Triangle T(n,k)=Sum_{i=0..n} |stirling1(n,n-i)|*binomial(i,k), k=0..n-1.","polytool_family":null,"interpretation":null,"rows_observed":15,"degree_pattern":"affine","degree_slope":1,"degree_intercept":0,"palindromic":0,"gamma_positive":0,"nonnegative":1,"rr_by_factors":false,"rows":[["1"],["3","8"],["15","88","72"],["105","976","1692","768"],["945","12144","32796","30976","9600"],["10395","171384","633996","923776","589600","138240"],["135135","2726952","12869316","25534336","24985600","11985408","2257920"],["2027025","48471840","278938728","703318016","933347600","683490816","262257408","41287680"],["34459425","953750880","6486944616","19890663424","33449859600","33123672576","19343287040","6182535168","836075520"],["654729075","20602345320","161878858344","585504832768","1194972241200","1496370139776","1179052431872","572232794112","156731314176","18579456000"],["13749310575","485027577720","4326561564624","18051294229248","43391443089200","65838973481856","65494621540992","42816625672192","17776000198656","4260077568000","449622835200"],["316234143225","12365573618160","123519781083492","584396397355776","1618516430182000","2888937307148544","3477887779149504","2866750291066880","1601023425629184","580786727731200","123744590069760","11771943321600"],["7905853580625","339497818203600","3755735502467940","19880087260123392","62377775655391600","128159360505803520","181319146512256704","180689892557766656","127103125731886080","61957399323033600","19959661325058048","3828689519247360","331576403558400"],["213458046676875","9988649863882200","121265480931544980","710360797026294144","2491828487638086000","5795726654194556544","9431034324841866688","11036077298986131456","9377611171739933184","5752703200276275200","2488090638479204352","720969426945441792","125780769476444160","9998303861145600"],["6190283353629375","313578147280393800","4145983888439383020","26636789275688324736","103341311011404862800","268546597593209767296","494381577908051122240","664952639836243222528","663041713263279095808","490992729608898560000","267056212941257129984","103817051020658737152","27339498761385148416","4374476627871006720","321374052679680000"]],"degrees":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14],"row_sums":["1","11","175","3541","86461","2467391","80494667","2953139113","120301248249","5386579142643","262903997068263","13890016480499325","789709853968377525","48071648662307483175","3119267724219700063875"],"nonn":true,"definitions":[{"position":0,"source":"derived:theta_plus_one_squared","source_kind":"derived","equality_edge_id":null,"recurrence":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["1"],["3","8"]],"recurrence":{"denominator":{"coeffs":[["-1"],["1"]]},"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0"],["-1","-8","36"],["4","24","-72"],["-4","-16","36"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":2,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","0"],["0","0","8","16"],["0","0","-24","-32"],["0","0","16","16"]]},"deriv_order":1,"offset":2,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-1","0"],["-2","-8"],["4","8"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0"],["0","0","8"],["0","0","-8"]]},"deriv_order":1,"offset":1,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"}}],"properties":[{"id":189233,"position":0,"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region_key":"(-inf, 0]","provenance":"edges","claim_data":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"label":"Real-rooted","description":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-7393afceddeec21d"]},{"id":189234,"position":1,"claim":"one_signed_coefficients","from_index":0,"region_key":null,"provenance":"derived_from_edges","claim_data":{"alternating":false,"claim":"one_signed_coefficients","from_index":0},"label":"Coefficients of one sign","description":"Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-7393afceddeec21d"]},{"id":189235,"position":2,"claim":"hadamard_kernel","from_index":0,"region_key":null,"provenance":"derived_from_edges","claim_data":{"claim":"hadamard_kernel","from_index":0},"label":"Hadamard kernel (Malo)","description":"Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-7393afceddeec21d"]},{"id":189236,"position":3,"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"region_key":null,"provenance":"edges","claim_data":{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"},"label":"Interlacing of consecutive rows","description":"Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-7393afceddeec21d"]}],"region_exact":{},"incoming_edges":[{"id":"e-7393afceddeec21d","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"euler_polynomial\",\"coefficients\":[{\"numerator\":[\"1\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]},{\"numerator\":[\"2\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]},{\"numerator\":[\"1\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]}]}"},"operation_detail":"euler_polynomial, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-66c5ba5b8b26ed07","premise_count":1,"theorem":"Laguerre's theorem on multiplier sequences: if f is a real polynomial whose roots are all real and <= 0, then (f(k))_(k >= 0) is a multiplier sequence, so x^k -> f(k) x^k maps every real-rooted polynomial to a real-rooted polynomial or zero (Laguerre; see T. Craven and G. Csordas, Multiplier sequences for fields, Illinois J. Math. 21 (1977); Polya--Schur, Theorem 40 of P. Branden, arXiv:1410.6601: sum_k f(k) x^k / k! = f(theta) e^x = C e^x x^m prod (1 + x/a_j), a_j > 0); f(k) has one sign for k >= 0, so coefficients of one sign stay of one sign; applied to f(n, .) for each n","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":["RealRooted.isMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos","RealRooted.isPFMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos","RealRooted.isMultiplierSequence_iff_preserves"],"certificate_hash":"6f8a3778b1918745461f69446c2815bc05b8f6b566ff866f6ffb78f8ad981744","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-8401ba73e6a78cca","role":"sequence","name":"basis_map_A013609 of Triangle T(n,k)=Sum_{i=0..n} |stirling1(n,n-i)|*binomial(i,k), k=0..n-1.","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]}],"used_by":[],"used_by_total":0,"links":[],"oeis":[],"bfiles":[],"oeis_texts":[{"oeis_id":"","target":"node","first_row":0,"oeis_offset":0,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":false,"rows_shown":10,"polytool_commit":"c48629374597092cc41ef4d6273f37991516f984","triangle_example":"Triangle begins:\n  0:         1;\n  1:         3,           8;\n  2:        15,          88,           72;\n  3:       105,         976,         1692,          768;\n  4:       945,       12144,        32796,        30976,          9600;\n  5:     10395,      171384,       633996,       923776,        589600,        138240;\n  6:    135135,     2726952,     12869316,     25534336,      24985600,      11985408,       2257920;\n  7:   2027025,    48471840,    278938728,    703318016,     933347600,     683490816,     262257408,     41287680;\n  8:  34459425,   953750880,   6486944616,  19890663424,   33449859600,   33123672576,   19343287040,   6182535168,    836075520;\n  9: 654729075, 20602345320, 161878858344, 585504832768, 1194972241200, 1496370139776, 1179052431872, 572232794112, 156731314176, 18579456000;\n","recurrence_sentence":"The row polynomials satisfy (n-1)*P(n,x) = -(4*n^3-4*n^2+n+(16*n^3-24*n^2+8*n)*x-(36*n^3-72*n^2+36*n)*x^2)*P(n-2,x) + ((16*n^3-24*n^2+8*n)*x^2+(16*n^3-32*n^2+16*n)*x^3)*d/dx P(n-2,x) + (4*n^2-2*n-1+(8*n^2-8*n)*x)*P(n-1,x) - (8*n^2-8*n)*x^2*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 1, P(1,x) = 3 + 8*x.","mathematica":"P[0, x_] := 1;\nP[1, x_] := 3 + 8*x;\nP[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[(-(4*n^3 - 4*n^2 + n + (16*n^3 - 24*n^2 + 8*n)*x - (36*n^3 - 72*n^2 + 36*n)*x^2)*P[n - 2, x] + ((16*n^3 - 24*n^2 + 8*n)*x^2 + (16*n^3 - 32*n^2 + 16*n)*x^3)*D[P[n - 2, x], x] + (4*n^2 - 2*n - 1 + (8*n^2 - 8*n)*x)*P[n - 1, x] - (8*n^2 - 8*n)*x^2*D[P[n - 1, x], x])/(n - 1)]];\nTable[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten","pari":"P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; v[2] = 3 + 8*x; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (-(4*n^3 - 4*n^2 + n + (16*n^3 - 24*n^2 + 8*n)*x - (36*n^3 - 72*n^2 + 36*n)*x^2)*v[i - 2] + ((16*n^3 - 24*n^2 + 8*n)*x^2 + (16*n^3 - 32*n^2 + 16*n)*x^3)*deriv(v[i - 2], x) + (4*n^2 - 2*n - 1 + (8*n^2 - 8*n)*x)*v[i - 1] - (8*n^2 - 8*n)*x^2*deriv(v[i - 1], x))/(n - 1)); v};\nrow(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};\nT(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};\nT(9)","reading":{"first_row":0,"offset":0,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":false}}],"derivation":{"root":"n-7fd16a32c438d522","steps":["basis A013609","(\u03b8+1)\u00b2"],"edges":["e-23e30432bbaed1be","e-7393afceddeec21d"],"text":"A059364 \u2192 basis A013609 \u2192 (\u03b8+1)\u00b2"},"headline":"A059364 \u2192 basis A013609 \u2192 (\u03b8+1)\u00b2","chain":null}
