{"chains":[{"edge":{"id":"e-dee9ca6618f50f4a","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"euler_polynomial\",\"coefficients\":[{\"numerator\":[\"1\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]},{\"numerator\":[\"2\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]},{\"numerator\":[\"1\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]}]}"},"operation_detail":"euler_polynomial, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-609882801f8589e7","premise_count":1,"theorem":"Laguerre's theorem on multiplier sequences: if f is a real polynomial whose roots are all real and <= 0, then (f(k))_(k >= 0) is a multiplier sequence, so x^k -> f(k) x^k maps every real-rooted polynomial to a real-rooted polynomial or zero (Laguerre; see T. Craven and G. Csordas, Multiplier sequences for fields, Illinois J. Math. 21 (1977); Polya--Schur, Theorem 40 of P. Branden, arXiv:1410.6601: sum_k f(k) x^k / k! = f(theta) e^x = C e^x x^m prod (1 + x/a_j), a_j > 0); f(k) has one sign for k >= 0, so coefficients of one sign stay of one sign; applied to f(n, .) for each n","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":["RealRooted.isMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos","RealRooted.isPFMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos","RealRooted.isMultiplierSequence_iff_preserves"],"certificate_hash":"974f476888579785b9147e1241ea2802764694634001f80b5dc55da03a11f841","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":2,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-deb68900633836aa","role":"sequence","name":"basis_map_A008277 of Triangle of polynomial coefficients related to the series expansions of (1-x)^((-1-2*n)/2).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]},"premises":[{"premise":{"position":0,"node_id":"n-deb68900633836aa","role":"sequence","name":"basis_map_A008277 of Triangle of polynomial coefficients related to the series expansions of (1-x)^((-1-2*n)/2).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"},"chains":[{"edge":{"id":"e-0664c5d711618d77","operation":{"map":"A008277","operation":"basis_map"},"operation_detail":"A008277","conclusion_id":"n-deb68900633836aa","premise_count":1,"theorem":"ray basis maps: for L f = (a + b t) f + kappa (t - h) f', b > 0, kappa >= 0, and g real-rooted with every root <= h, of multiplicity m at h, T(u^k) = L^k g sends every real polynomial with all roots in S to one with all roots in (-inf, h] if and only if S lies in (-inf, a + b h + kappa m] (RealRooted rayBasisMap_maps_realRootedIn_iff; the step is Ma and Wang, EJC 15 (2008) R17, Theorem 2)","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"b009c40be22407ffedc4d0962873d84fa65f89172fb0fc33b8b16524ab07726e","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-7c9c430277778c10","role":"sequence","name":"Triangle of polynomial coefficients related to the series expansions of (1-x)^((-1-2*n)/2).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]},"premises":[{"premise":{"position":0,"node_id":"n-7c9c430277778c10","role":"sequence","name":"Triangle of polynomial coefficients related to the series expansions of (1-x)^((-1-2*n)/2).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"},"chains":[{"edge":{"id":"e-6c4d7be2cbbf8954","operation":{"operation":"theorem_check","theorem":"liu_wang"},"operation_detail":"liu_wang","conclusion_id":"n-7c9c430277778c10","premise_count":0,"theorem":"L. L. Liu and Y. Wang, A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros, Adv. in Appl. Math. 38 (2007) 542-560, Theorem 2.1 with g = f' (as in their Corollary 2.4), with nonnegativity of the coefficients replaced by an exact induction keeping every root in (-inf, 0)","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"4d43570502b710617e9e246c1e2c8ae7e0c1c4703710298e3c22e35a3a33cd56","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region":{"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":2,"kind":"weak","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"}],"premises":[]},"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-84f434121cdb02d1","operation":{"operation":"parent_provers","route":"root_domain"},"operation_detail":"root_domain","conclusion_id":"n-7c9c430277778c10","premise_count":0,"theorem":"polytool parent provers, route root_domain: every parent row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with coefficients of one sign","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"ab552c732f7607315380b131764b2ae25d11d23e3d8c00df7cdf521821102bb6","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}}],"premises":[]},"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-c9203b8f1ec3958c","operation":{"operation":"theorem_check","theorem":"iterated_preserver"},"operation_detail":"iterated_preserver","conclusion_id":"n-7c9c430277778c10","premise_count":0,"theorem":"Iterated real-rootedness preservers (induction on n): if P_m is nonzero and real-rooted with every root in a closed region R and, for every n > m, P_n = a_n(x) S_n(P_(n-1)) where S_n maps every polynomial that is zero or real-rooted with every root in R to zero or a real-rooted polynomial with every root in R and a_n is real-rooted with every root in R, then every P_n is real-rooted with every root in R (the roots of a product are the roots of its factors); an exact degree step keeps every row nonzero; here S_n is the identity","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"8e14f24f65772033ffa5e73a3de19ed04105ead767bb6cf2f5b9ced25a235c3c","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":2,"kind":"weak","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"}],"premises":[]},"premises":[]}]}]},{"edge":{"id":"e-9009d0d607ac30e3","operation":{"map":"A008277","operation":"basis_map"},"operation_detail":"A008277","conclusion_id":"n-deb68900633836aa","premise_count":1,"theorem":"ray basis maps: for L f = (a + b t) f + kappa (t - h) f', b > 0, kappa >= 0, and g real-rooted with every root <= h, of multiplicity m at h, T(u^k) = L^k g sends every real polynomial with all roots in S to one with all roots in (-inf, h] if and only if S lies in (-inf, a + b h + kappa m] (RealRooted rayBasisMap_maps_realRootedIn_iff; the step is Ma and Wang, EJC 15 (2008) R17, Theorem 2)","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"468055c598ec5d72b812a5cc8926a018d5edf1ef560e287d8c414d5f5e537aa8","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-7c9c430277778c10","role":"sequence","name":"Triangle of polynomial coefficients related to the series expansions of (1-x)^((-1-2*n)/2).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]},"premises":[{"premise":{"position":0,"node_id":"n-7c9c430277778c10","role":"sequence","name":"Triangle of polynomial coefficients related to the series expansions of (1-x)^((-1-2*n)/2).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"},"chains":[{"edge":{"id":"e-6c4d7be2cbbf8954","operation":{"operation":"theorem_check","theorem":"liu_wang"},"operation_detail":"liu_wang","conclusion_id":"n-7c9c430277778c10","premise_count":0,"theorem":"L. L. Liu and Y. Wang, A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros, Adv. in Appl. Math. 38 (2007) 542-560, Theorem 2.1 with g = f' (as in their Corollary 2.4), with nonnegativity of the coefficients replaced by an exact induction keeping every root in (-inf, 0)","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"4d43570502b710617e9e246c1e2c8ae7e0c1c4703710298e3c22e35a3a33cd56","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region":{"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":2,"kind":"weak","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"}],"premises":[]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-84f434121cdb02d1","operation":{"operation":"parent_provers","route":"root_domain"},"operation_detail":"root_domain","conclusion_id":"n-7c9c430277778c10","premise_count":0,"theorem":"polytool parent provers, route root_domain: every parent row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with coefficients of one sign","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"ab552c732f7607315380b131764b2ae25d11d23e3d8c00df7cdf521821102bb6","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}}],"premises":[]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-c9203b8f1ec3958c","operation":{"operation":"theorem_check","theorem":"iterated_preserver"},"operation_detail":"iterated_preserver","conclusion_id":"n-7c9c430277778c10","premise_count":0,"theorem":"Iterated real-rootedness preservers (induction on n): if P_m is nonzero and real-rooted with every root in a closed region R and, for every n > m, P_n = a_n(x) S_n(P_(n-1)) where S_n maps every polynomial that is zero or real-rooted with every root in R to zero or a real-rooted polynomial with every root in R and a_n is real-rooted with every root in R, then every P_n is real-rooted with every root in R (the roots of a product are the roots of its factors); an exact degree step keeps every row nonzero; here S_n is the identity","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"8e14f24f65772033ffa5e73a3de19ed04105ead767bb6cf2f5b9ced25a235c3c","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":2,"kind":"weak","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"}],"premises":[]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]}]}]}]}]}],"truncated":false,"expanded":6}