{"id":"n-5d54cd7ef0177801","revision":0,"first_index":0,"fingerprint":"f6-1cc6c3f42efa30d8","name":"theta_plus_one_squared of Stirling2 triangle with scaled diagonals (powers of 5).","polytool_family":null,"interpretation":null,"rows_observed":15,"degree_pattern":"affine","degree_slope":1,"degree_intercept":2,"palindromic":0,"gamma_positive":0,"nonnegative":1,"rr_by_factors":false,"rows":[["25","60","9"],["125","700","270","16"],["625","7500","5625","800","25"],["3125","77500","101250","26000","1875","36"],["15625","787500","1693125","700000","87500","3780","49"],["78125","7937500","27168750","17010000","3281250","239400","6860","64"],["390625","79687500","425390625","388500000","108609375","11907000","565950","11520","81"],["1953125","798437500","6560156250","8526250000","3322265625","513607500","36015000","1200000","18225","100"],["9765625","7992187500","100198828125","182187500000","96378906250","20192287500","1959601875","95040000","2338875","27500","121"],["48828125","79960937500","1520964843750","3821881250000","2694140625000","744554250000","96070012500","6361080000","225534375","4262500","39930","144"],["244140625","799804687500","22994384765625","79141562500000","73325205078125","26216190000000","4375871500000","379922400000","18199788750","491562500","7353775","56160","169"],["1220703125","7999023437500","346715332031250","1623710156250000","1956788818359375","892073995312500","188838650000000","20912320000000","1299829781250","47047000000","999248250","12121200","76895","196"],["6103515625","79995117187500","5218727783203125","33090585937500000","51456767578125000","29579995757812500","7823564576953125","1083139200000000","84959495156250","3957078125000","111885523750","1916460000","19223750","102900","225"],["30517578125","799975585937500","78460905761718750","671089457031250000","1338123229980468750","961497618046875000","314086421085937500","53544101325000000","5194025332031250","302742171875000","10941768337500","248140620000","3498722500","29498000","135000","256"],["152587890625","7999877929687500","1178713531494140625","13561275195312500000","34501658026123046875","30771825992578125000","12301729829238281250","2551999378500000000","301497893180859375","21549485546875000","968115286531250","27910045800000","518637551250","6122550000","43987500","174080","289"]],"degrees":[2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16],"row_sums":["94","1111","14575","209786","3287579","55721949","1015062676","19759903325","409016483371","8964211663824","207251883833229","5038387404321541","128421812448888750","3423109700275985131","95199245912628000619"],"nonn":true,"definitions":[{"position":0,"source":"derived:theta_plus_one_squared","source_kind":"derived","equality_edge_id":null,"recurrence":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["25","60","9"],["125","700","270","16"]],"recurrence":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","-20","9"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":2,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","-50","20","4"]]},"deriv_order":1,"offset":2,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","-25","20"]]},"deriv_order":2,"offset":2,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["5","4"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","10","-4"]]},"deriv_order":1,"offset":1,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"}}],"properties":[{"id":191136,"position":0,"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region_key":"(-inf, 0]","provenance":"edges","claim_data":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"label":"Real-rooted","description":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-6b9b5bb2601a8dd9"]},{"id":191137,"position":1,"claim":"one_signed_coefficients","from_index":0,"region_key":null,"provenance":"derived_from_edges","claim_data":{"alternating":false,"claim":"one_signed_coefficients","from_index":0},"label":"Coefficients of one sign","description":"Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-6b9b5bb2601a8dd9"]},{"id":191138,"position":2,"claim":"hadamard_kernel","from_index":0,"region_key":null,"provenance":"derived_from_edges","claim_data":{"claim":"hadamard_kernel","from_index":0},"label":"Hadamard kernel (Malo)","description":"Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-6b9b5bb2601a8dd9"]},{"id":191139,"position":3,"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"region_key":null,"provenance":"edges","claim_data":{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"},"label":"Interlacing of consecutive rows","description":"Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-6b9b5bb2601a8dd9"]}],"region_exact":{},"incoming_edges":[{"id":"e-6b9b5bb2601a8dd9","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"euler_polynomial\",\"coefficients\":[{\"numerator\":[\"1\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]},{\"numerator\":[\"2\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]},{\"numerator\":[\"1\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]}]}"},"operation_detail":"euler_polynomial, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-5d54cd7ef0177801","premise_count":1,"theorem":"Laguerre's theorem on multiplier sequences: if f is a real polynomial whose roots are all real and <= 0, then (f(k))_(k >= 0) is a multiplier sequence, so x^k -> f(k) x^k maps every real-rooted polynomial to a real-rooted polynomial or zero (Laguerre; see T. Craven and G. Csordas, Multiplier sequences for fields, Illinois J. Math. 21 (1977); Polya--Schur, Theorem 40 of P. Branden, arXiv:1410.6601: sum_k f(k) x^k / k! = f(theta) e^x = C e^x x^m prod (1 + x/a_j), a_j > 0); f(k) has one sign for k >= 0, so coefficients of one sign stay of one sign; applied to f(n, .) for each n","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":["RealRooted.isMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos","RealRooted.isPFMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos","RealRooted.isMultiplierSequence_iff_preserves"],"certificate_hash":"5f973854ed622662d5c3e5949e479d88e3358978bac7e3f05c8bc6cdbc7fc57c","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-77f76afdd288bbc1","role":"sequence","name":"Stirling2 triangle with scaled diagonals (powers of 5).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]}],"used_by":[],"used_by_total":0,"links":[],"oeis":[],"bfiles":[],"oeis_texts":[{"oeis_id":"","target":"node","first_row":0,"oeis_offset":0,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":false,"rows_shown":10,"polytool_commit":"c48629374597092cc41ef4d6273f37991516f984","triangle_example":"Triangle begins:\n  0:       25,          60,             9;\n  1:      125,         700,           270,            16;\n  2:      625,        7500,          5625,           800,            25;\n  3:     3125,       77500,        101250,         26000,          1875,           36;\n  4:    15625,      787500,       1693125,        700000,         87500,         3780,          49;\n  5:    78125,     7937500,      27168750,      17010000,       3281250,       239400,        6860,         64;\n  6:   390625,    79687500,     425390625,     388500000,     108609375,     11907000,      565950,      11520,        81;\n  7:  1953125,   798437500,    6560156250,    8526250000,    3322265625,    513607500,    36015000,    1200000,     18225,     100;\n  8:  9765625,  7992187500,  100198828125,  182187500000,   96378906250,  20192287500,  1959601875,   95040000,   2338875,   27500,   121;\n  9: 48828125, 79960937500, 1520964843750, 3821881250000, 2694140625000, 744554250000, 96070012500, 6361080000, 225534375, 4262500, 39930, 144;\n","recurrence_sentence":"The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -(20*x-9*x^2)*P(n-2,x) - (50*x-20*x^2-4*x^3)*d/dx P(n-2,x) - (25*x^2-20*x^3)*d^2/dx^2 P(n-2,x) + (5+4*x)*P(n-1,x) + (10*x-4*x^2)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 25 + 60*x + 9*x^2, P(1,x) = 125 + 700*x + 270*x^2 + 16*x^3.","mathematica":"P[0, x_] := 25 + 60*x + 9*x^2;\nP[1, x_] := 125 + 700*x + 270*x^2 + 16*x^3;\nP[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-(20*x - 9*x^2)*P[n - 2, x] - (50*x - 20*x^2 - 4*x^3)*D[P[n - 2, x], x] - (25*x^2 - 20*x^3)*D[P[n - 2, x], {x, 2}] + (5 + 4*x)*P[n - 1, x] + (10*x - 4*x^2)*D[P[n - 1, x], x]];\nTable[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten","pari":"P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 25 + 60*x + 9*x^2; v[2] = 125 + 700*x + 270*x^2 + 16*x^3; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = -(20*x - 9*x^2)*v[i - 2] - (50*x - 20*x^2 - 4*x^3)*deriv(v[i - 2], x) - (25*x^2 - 20*x^3)*deriv(deriv(v[i - 2], x), x) + (5 + 4*x)*v[i - 1] + (10*x - 4*x^2)*deriv(v[i - 1], x)); v};\nrow(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};\nT(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};\nT(9)","reading":{"first_row":0,"offset":0,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":false}}],"derivation":{"root":"n-77f76afdd288bbc1","steps":["(\u03b8+1)\u00b2"],"edges":["e-6b9b5bb2601a8dd9"],"text":"A075500 \u2192 (\u03b8+1)\u00b2"},"headline":"A075500 \u2192 (\u03b8+1)\u00b2","chain":null}
