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P_k(t) = Q_k(b t + c) for the rows Q_k with b = 1, c = 0, whose map sends PF inputs to PF outputs (an interlacing-preserving 2 x 2 matrix, Branden, arXiv:1410.6601, Theorem 8.5), so every PF input has a real-rooted image with roots <= -c/b; PF inputs (also those with roots in any [-R, 0]) have PF images if and only if every P_k(0) >= 0, if and only if a^2 + 4c >= 0 and (2s >= a or c >= s^2 - a s) (RealRooted orderTwoBasis_pf_equivalences, basisTransform_orderTwoBasis_preserves_bounded_pf_iff)","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"e7812ee742fdda4da4e215ad7cdfd8720417401fef1113df2e4c77a74ae9d75e","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"basis_map_preserver","input_interval":"(-inf, 0]","output_interval":"(-inf, -1]","statement":"every PF input has a real-rooted image with every root <= -c/b = -1"},{"claim":"basis_map_preserver","input_interval":"(-inf, 0]","output_interval":"(-inf, -1]","statement":"every PF input has a PF image (zero allowed)"}],"premises":[]},"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-ccad66a240ec24f8","operation":{"operation":"basis_map_theorem"},"operation_detail":null,"conclusion_id":"n-4124f4242e7d4c67","premise_count":0,"theorem":"constant current multiplier: P_0 = 1, P_1 = s, P_(k+2) = a P_(k+1) + (b t + c) P_k with a, s >= 0, b > 0.  P_k(t) = Q_k(b t + c) for the rows Q_k with b = 1, c = 0, whose map sends PF inputs to PF outputs (an interlacing-preserving 2 x 2 matrix, Branden, arXiv:1410.6601, Theorem 8.5), so every PF input has a real-rooted image with roots <= -c/b; PF inputs (also those with roots in any [-R, 0]) have PF images if and only if every P_k(0) >= 0, if and only if a^2 + 4c >= 0 and (2s >= a or c >= s^2 - a s) (RealRooted orderTwoBasis_pf_equivalences, basisTransform_orderTwoBasis_preserves_bounded_pf_iff)","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"7757dbba2c42f8f270b774c9f81334c6161e606bbadb24437d3e1a29727125ea","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"basis_map_preserver","input_interval":"(-inf, 0]","output_interval":"(-inf, -1]","statement":"every PF input has a real-rooted image with every root <= -c/b = -1"},{"claim":"basis_map_preserver","input_interval":"(-inf, 0]","output_interval":"(-inf, -1]","statement":"every PF input has a PF image (zero allowed)"}],"premises":[]},"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-ccc9c8e3089cb292","operation":{"operation":"definition_equality"},"operation_detail":null,"conclusion_id":"n-4124f4242e7d4c67","premise_count":0,"theorem":"all-index identity Q_n = P_n certified by exact Ore-algebra division and identifying rows (polytool preserver-image certificate of the identity map)","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"e66ed14d77fa6b1c884e37a51e65ca08e256c9c697bb9a87b3b9db4dd50a90e2","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[],"premises":[]},"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-78c582ff5f7b6a70","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"gamma_polynomial","scale":"1"},"operation_detail":"scale 1, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-4124f4242e7d4c67","premise_count":1,"theorem":"gamma criterion (RealRooted IsGammaExpansion.isRealRooted_and_hasRootsNonpos_iff): if P = sum_j gamma_j x^j (1 + x)^(d - 2j) with deg Gamma <= d/2, then P is nonzero and real-rooted with roots in (-inf, 0] if and only if Gamma(z) = sum_j gamma_j z^j is; Gamma(c z) with c != 0 has the roots of Gamma divided by c","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"c86e9e6efd9e227f5b43c4135dce454901dcce028bb161da1da2ef3c68de6060","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-4e0b19699f4cf0db","role":"sequence","name":"Triangular array T read by rows: T(n,0) = T(n,n) = 1 for all n >= 0, T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1) + T(n-1,k) for odd n and 1< = k <= n-1, T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1) + T(n-1,k) + T(n-2,k-1) for even n and 1 <= k <= n-1.","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]},"premises":[{"premise":{"position":0,"node_id":"n-4e0b19699f4cf0db","role":"sequence","name":"Triangular array T read by rows: T(n,0) = T(n,n) = 1 for all n >= 0, T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1) + T(n-1,k) for odd n and 1< = k <= n-1, T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1) + T(n-1,k) + T(n-2,k-1) for even n and 1 <= k <= n-1.","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"},"chains":[{"edge":{"id":"e-6e3ca670df3d0a74","operation":{"operation":"parent_provers","route":"periodic_product"},"operation_detail":"periodic_product","conclusion_id":"n-4e0b19699f4cf0db","premise_count":0,"theorem":"polytool parent provers, route periodic_product: every parent row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with coefficients of one sign","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"82408caf4724dec1df1bb1663750bbda4fb4220515ef1d181068e5fc5e638f8f","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}}],"premises":[]},"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-b2e3690a28625635","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"reversal\",\"schedule\":{\"first_index\":0,\"first_degree\":0,\"step\":1}}"},"operation_detail":"reversal, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-4e0b19699f4cf0db","premise_count":1,"theorem":"a real affine substitution x -> a x + b (a != 0), the reversal x^d p(1/x) (d >= deg p) and a real Mobius map (c x + e)^d p((a x + b)/(c x + e)) (a e - b c != 0, d >= deg p) map real roots to real roots: a root r of p gives the root (r - b)/a, 1/r (and 0) or (e r - b)/(a - c r) (and -e/c); for an input row that is a polynomial the degree condition holds automatically","lean_route":"reversed","lean_declarations":["RealRooted.X_pow_mul_reverse_eq_zero_or_splits","RealRooted.reflect_eq_zero_or_splits"],"certificate_hash":"848ba9786e3d1fa96a1dcc65b7e82b4d1d4e57faf650774a04c94f1a6625324a","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-4e0b19699f4cf0db","role":"sequence","name":"Triangular array T read by rows: T(n,0) = T(n,n) = 1 for all n >= 0, T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1) + T(n-1,k) for odd n and 1< = k <= n-1, T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1) + T(n-1,k) + T(n-2,k-1) for even n and 1 <= k <= n-1.","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]},"premises":[{"premise":{"position":0,"node_id":"n-4e0b19699f4cf0db","role":"sequence","name":"Triangular array T read by rows: T(n,0) = T(n,n) = 1 for all n >= 0, T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1) + T(n-1,k) for odd n and 1< = k <= n-1, T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1) + T(n-1,k) + T(n-2,k-1) for even n and 1 <= k <= n-1.","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"},"chains":[{"edge":{"id":"e-6e3ca670df3d0a74","operation":{"operation":"parent_provers","route":"periodic_product"},"operation_detail":"periodic_product","conclusion_id":"n-4e0b19699f4cf0db","premise_count":0,"theorem":"polytool parent provers, route periodic_product: every parent row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with coefficients of one sign","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"82408caf4724dec1df1bb1663750bbda4fb4220515ef1d181068e5fc5e638f8f","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}}],"premises":[]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]}]}]}]}]},{"edge":{"id":"e-b274e5cc6dbb8c2d","operation":{"operation":"parent_provers","route":"periodic_product"},"operation_detail":"periodic_product","conclusion_id":"n-4124f4242e7d4c67","premise_count":0,"theorem":"polytool parent provers, route periodic_product: every parent row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with coefficients of one sign","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"6219ab5ded216ab588a9a990ac1d1e6103d39fe535e3a846d5375024a845bfef","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}}],"premises":[]},"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-3ca43d0d97d5e532","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"reversal\",\"schedule\":{\"first_index\":0,\"first_degree\":0,\"step\":1}}"},"operation_detail":"reversal, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-4124f4242e7d4c67","premise_count":1,"theorem":"a real affine substitution x -> a x + b (a != 0), the reversal x^d p(1/x) (d >= deg p) and a real Mobius map (c x + e)^d p((a x + b)/(c x + e)) (a e - b c != 0, d >= deg p) map real roots to real roots: a root r of p gives the root (r - b)/a, 1/r (and 0) or (e r - b)/(a - c r) (and -e/c); 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