{"id":"n-360d4ff37c2424bd","revision":0,"first_index":0,"fingerprint":"f6-fc1636d73634e8a9","name":"theta_plus_one_squared of basis_map_A013609 of Triangle read by rows: T(n, k) is the Sheffer triangle ((1 - 3*x)^(-1/3), (-1/3)*log(1 - 3*x)). A generalized Stirling1 triangle.","polytool_family":null,"interpretation":null,"rows_observed":15,"degree_pattern":"affine","degree_slope":1,"degree_intercept":0,"palindromic":0,"gamma_positive":0,"nonnegative":1,"rr_by_factors":false,"rows":[["1"],["2","8"],["10","56","36"],["80","528","540","128"],["880","6448","8316","3328","400"],["12320","97312","145440","76160","16000","1152"],["209440","1752864","2910384","1811840","510000","65664","3136"],["4188800","36732800","66095568","46584832","15862000","2782080","241472","8192"],["96342400","878364800","1685495664","1306457600","510403600","109670400","13127296","819200","20736"],["2504902400","23608224000","47775528864","39960771072","17353173600","4321392768","639856896","55590912","2612736","51200"],["72642169600","704677715200","1491727345056","1328730908160","628119444000","175297530240","30319641408","3283599360","216483840","7936000","123904"],["2324549427200","23130824243200","50906324760192","47823308510208","24252106296000","7418504966400","1447427357376","184277508096","15239093760","788480000","23170048","294912"],["81359229952000","828175243929600","1885810075701120","1854816063671296","998271559454400","329493739956480","70854776583360","10230747512832","999820723968","65224192000","2719073280","65470464","692224"],["3091650738176000","32121533108940800","75387571474325760","77188112910891008","43730619458240000","15395784209574912","3589436691160320","573858434113536","63889767152640","4947212441600","261167329280","8959721472","179978240","1605632"],["126757680265216000","1341716063371980800","3235437329437589760","3432757327921911808","2034168250634374400","757171336632302592","189077650241415936","32904683481686016","4072059614608128","360588221593600","22680114609152","988969992192","28409565184","483295232","3686400"]],"degrees":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14],"row_sums":["1","10","102","1276","19372","348384","7263328","172495744","4600701696","136222104448","4435022896768","157503374107392","6060079266913024","251147674313651200","11154446667803827200"],"nonn":true,"definitions":[{"position":0,"source":"derived:theta_plus_one_squared","source_kind":"derived","equality_edge_id":null,"recurrence":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["1"],["2","8"]],"recurrence":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-16","32","36"],["24","-24","0"],["-9","0","0"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":2,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","-32","16"],["0","0","24","0"]]},"deriv_order":1,"offset":2,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-5","8"],["6","0"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","-8"]]},"deriv_order":1,"offset":1,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"}}],"properties":[{"id":187619,"position":0,"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region_key":"(-inf, 0]","provenance":"edges","claim_data":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"label":"Real-rooted","description":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-81cddfc173d1240c"]},{"id":187620,"position":1,"claim":"one_signed_coefficients","from_index":0,"region_key":null,"provenance":"derived_from_edges","claim_data":{"alternating":false,"claim":"one_signed_coefficients","from_index":0},"label":"Coefficients of one sign","description":"Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-81cddfc173d1240c"]},{"id":187621,"position":2,"claim":"hadamard_kernel","from_index":0,"region_key":null,"provenance":"derived_from_edges","claim_data":{"claim":"hadamard_kernel","from_index":0},"label":"Hadamard kernel (Malo)","description":"Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-81cddfc173d1240c"]},{"id":187622,"position":3,"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"region_key":null,"provenance":"edges","claim_data":{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"},"label":"Interlacing of consecutive rows","description":"Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-81cddfc173d1240c"]}],"region_exact":{},"incoming_edges":[{"id":"e-81cddfc173d1240c","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"euler_polynomial\",\"coefficients\":[{\"numerator\":[\"1\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]},{\"numerator\":[\"2\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]},{\"numerator\":[\"1\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]}]}"},"operation_detail":"euler_polynomial, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-360d4ff37c2424bd","premise_count":1,"theorem":"Laguerre's theorem on multiplier sequences: if f is a real polynomial whose roots are all real and <= 0, then (f(k))_(k >= 0) is a multiplier sequence, so x^k -> f(k) x^k maps every real-rooted polynomial to a real-rooted polynomial or zero (Laguerre; see T. Craven and G. Csordas, Multiplier sequences for fields, Illinois J. Math. 21 (1977); Polya--Schur, Theorem 40 of P. Branden, arXiv:1410.6601: sum_k f(k) x^k / k! = f(theta) e^x = C e^x x^m prod (1 + x/a_j), a_j > 0); f(k) has one sign for k >= 0, so coefficients of one sign stay of one sign; applied to f(n, .) for each n","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":["RealRooted.isMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos","RealRooted.isPFMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos","RealRooted.isMultiplierSequence_iff_preserves"],"certificate_hash":"a90d043032d7ffdf7d4e80253c8016e3f651af0ea59b8e79b55768834a9f7d3b","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-f1ff6363886186a4","role":"sequence","name":"basis_map_A013609 of Triangle read by rows: T(n, k) is the Sheffer triangle ((1 - 3*x)^(-1/3), (-1/3)*log(1 - 3*x)). A generalized Stirling1 triangle.","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]}],"used_by":[],"used_by_total":0,"links":[],"oeis":[],"bfiles":[],"oeis_texts":[{"oeis_id":"","target":"node","first_row":0,"oeis_offset":0,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":false,"rows_shown":10,"polytool_commit":"c48629374597092cc41ef4d6273f37991516f984","triangle_example":"Triangle begins:\n  0:          1;\n  1:          2,           8;\n  2:         10,          56,          36;\n  3:         80,         528,         540,         128;\n  4:        880,        6448,        8316,        3328,         400;\n  5:      12320,       97312,      145440,       76160,       16000,       1152;\n  6:     209440,     1752864,     2910384,     1811840,      510000,      65664,      3136;\n  7:    4188800,    36732800,    66095568,    46584832,    15862000,    2782080,    241472,     8192;\n  8:   96342400,   878364800,  1685495664,  1306457600,   510403600,  109670400,  13127296,   819200,   20736;\n  9: 2504902400, 23608224000, 47775528864, 39960771072, 17353173600, 4321392768, 639856896, 55590912, 2612736, 51200;\n","recurrence_sentence":"The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -(9*n^2-24*n+16+(24*n-32)*x-36*x^2)*P(n-2,x) + ((24*n-32)*x^2+16*x^3)*d/dx P(n-2,x) + (6*n-5+8*x)*P(n-1,x) - 8*x^2*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 1, P(1,x) = 2 + 8*x.","mathematica":"P[0, x_] := 1;\nP[1, x_] := 2 + 8*x;\nP[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-(9*n^2 - 24*n + 16 + (24*n - 32)*x - 36*x^2)*P[n - 2, x] + ((24*n - 32)*x^2 + 16*x^3)*D[P[n - 2, x], x] + (6*n - 5 + 8*x)*P[n - 1, x] - 8*x^2*D[P[n - 1, x], x]];\nTable[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten","pari":"P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; v[2] = 2 + 8*x; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = -(9*n^2 - 24*n + 16 + (24*n - 32)*x - 36*x^2)*v[i - 2] + ((24*n - 32)*x^2 + 16*x^3)*deriv(v[i - 2], x) + (6*n - 5 + 8*x)*v[i - 1] - 8*x^2*deriv(v[i - 1], x)); v};\nrow(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};\nT(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};\nT(9)","reading":{"first_row":0,"offset":0,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":false}}],"derivation":{"root":"n-260e022530e5976c","steps":["basis A013609","(\u03b8+1)\u00b2"],"edges":["e-dabb8392a3e47d84","e-81cddfc173d1240c"],"text":"A286718 \u2192 basis A013609 \u2192 (\u03b8+1)\u00b2"},"headline":"A286718 \u2192 basis A013609 \u2192 (\u03b8+1)\u00b2","chain":null}
